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Rural renewable energy investments and their impact on employment

The literature on access to rural energy through renewable energy is expanding rapidly, as are manifold initiatives... Show more
The literature on access to rural energy through renewable energy is expanding rapidly, as are manifold initiatives to achieve universal access. However, much of the literature is concerned with technical aspects, financing, and the policies needed to generate an enabling environment. Only a minor portion addresses the employment aspects in more than a cursory manner. This report marshals relevant information in an effort to assess existing and potential employment impacts.
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Authors: Renner, Michael

Date: 2017

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: Strengthen publication series working paper

Subjects: Sustainability; Industry; Employment ... [+] Show more
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Renewable energy and jobs: annual review 2015

This report presents the status of renewable energy employment, both by technology and in selected countries, and s... Show more
This report presents the status of renewable energy employment, both by technology and in selected countries, and summarises the findings across major markets. The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) estimates that renewable energy employed 7.7 million people, directly or indirectly, around the world in 2014 (excluding large hydropower). This is an 18 per cent increase from the number reported last year. Like last year, falling prices for solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind equipment globally posed a challenge for manufacturers in some markets, thus affecting jobs. Yet, accelerated solar PV installation and expanded operations and maintenance spurred job growth. Manufacturing of solar PV panels moved decisively from Europe and North America to Asia, where shifts continue between countries. On the installation side, China and Japan were major markets. Wind power jobs have increased steadily following a market revival in 2014 led by China, Germany and the United States (GWEC, 2015; Navigant, 2015). Employment in biofuels continued growing in the United States and Brazil, and in emerging labour-intensive Asian markets where biofuel production witnessed accelerated expansion. The world's leading countries for renewable energy employment remain the same as in previous years: China, Brazil, the United States, India, and some members of the European Union, notably Germany. In addition, new markets have emerged including Indonesia, Japan and Bangladesh. In Latin America, Brazil remains the dominant player, followed by Colombia, Argentina and Mexico. Renewable energy-related employment remains low in Africa except in a few countries, like Kenya, Morocco and South Africa, where deployment growth is creating domestic value and jobs. Globally, renewable energy employment continues to be shaped by an array of supportive industrial and trade policies.
Edited excerpts from publication. Show less

Authors: Ferroukhi, Rabia; Khalid, Arslan; Lopez-Pena, Alvaro; Renner, Michael

Date: 2015

Resource type: Industry information

Series name: Renewable energy and jobs annual review

Subjects: Industry; Sustainability; Employment ... [+] Show more
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Renewable energy and jobs: annual review 2014

As the slow recovery in the global economy fails to invigorate labour markets, job creation has come to the forefro... Show more
As the slow recovery in the global economy fails to invigorate labour markets, job creation has come to the forefront of policy debate and countries' strategic choices. While the potential of renewable energy to create jobs is widely recognised, further analysis is required to understand its full benefits. Assessing the status and trends in renewable energy employment and analysing all related dimensions (policies, skills, gender considerations, etc.) are essential for policy making. In this context, the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) has been conducting various studies to bridge the knowledge gap on these issues. IRENA estimates that globally, 6.5 million people are working directly or indirectly in the renewable energy sector, based on a literature review and annual data collection from various sources. This publication presents the status of renewable energy employment by technology and by selected countries.
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Authors: Ferroukhi, Rabia; Khalid, Arslan; Lopez-Pena, Alvaro; Renner, Michael

Date: 2014

Resource type: Industry information

Series name: Renewable energy and jobs annual review

Subjects: Industry; Sustainability; Employment ... [+] Show more
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Renewable energy and jobs: annual review 2023

This tenth edition of this series offers the latest set of global renewable energy employment estimates, which are ... Show more
This tenth edition of this series offers the latest set of global renewable energy employment estimates, which are based on International Renewable Energy Agency's own methodologies and calculations, as well as a large array of reports published by government agencies, industry associations, non-governmental organisations and academic experts. The report examines the renewable energy employment landscape as of 2022 globally as well as for selected countries. Against the backdrop of investment and deployment trends and a variety of policy contexts, it discusses job numbers as well as job quality and workforce diversity in the core segments of the renewable energy supply chain.
The key finding of this edition is that the global renewable energy sector employed 13.7 million people directly as well as indirectly in 2022. The number has been growing over the past decade, from 7.3 million in 2012, thanks mainly to solar photovoltaic (PV), bioenergy, hydropower and wind power. The socio-economic modelling undertaken for this series indicates that the large-scale investment required to put the world on a climate-safe pathway would create many millions of additional jobs in the next decades.
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Authors: Renner, Michael; Garcia-Banos, Celia; Khalid, Arslan

Date: 2023

Resource type: Industry information

Series name: Renewable energy and jobs annual review

Subjects: Industry; Employment; Policy ... [+] Show more
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Renewable energy and jobs: annual review 2016

This review presents the status of renewable energy employment, both by technology and in selected countries, over ... Show more
This review presents the status of renewable energy employment, both by technology and in selected countries, over the past year. This edition estimates that renewable energy employed 8.1 million people around the world in 2014 (excluding large hydropower). This is a five per cent increase from the number reported the previous year. In addition, the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) conducted a second global estimate of large hydropower employment, showing approximately 1.3 million direct jobs in the sector. While the growth in jobs slowed down compared to previous years, the total number of jobs in renewables worldwide continued to rise, in stark contrast with depressed labour markets in the broader energy sector. Countries with the highest number of renewable energy jobs were China, Brazil, the United States, India, Japan and Germany.
Solar PV was the largest renewable energy employer with 2.8 million jobs worldwide, an 11 per cent increase over 2014. Solar PV employment grew in Japan and the United States, stabilised in China, and continued decreasing in the European Union. Wind power witnessed a record growth year. Strong installation rates in China, the United States and Germany resulted in a five per cent increase in global employment, to reach 1.1 million jobs. IRENA's early research indicates that the renewable energy features more gender parity than the broader energy sector.
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Authors: Ferroukhi, Rabia; Khalid, Arslan; Renner, Michael; Lopez-Pena, Alvaro

Date: 2016

Geographic subjects: Asia; Brazil; China ... [+] Show more America">North America; States">United States; Africa">South Africa; Korea (South)">Korea (South); [-] Show less

Resource type: Industry information

Series name: Renewable energy and jobs annual review

Subjects: Industry; Skills and knowledge; Sustainability ... [+] Show more
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Renewable energy and jobs: annual review 2020

The renewable energy sector employed 11.5 million people, directly and indirectly, in 2019. Renewable energy employ... Show more
The renewable energy sector employed 11.5 million people, directly and indirectly, in 2019. Renewable energy employment has continued to grow worldwide since 2012, when the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) began to assess it on an annual basis. The solar photovoltaic (PV), bioenergy, hydropower and wind power industries have been the biggest employers. The bulk of global jobs relate to modern energy use, but the 2019 estimate includes jobs tied to the use of decentralised solar PV to expand energy access in parts of Sub-Saharan Africa and in South Asia. The majority of these jobs are still held by men. The share of women in the renewable energy workforce is about 32 per cent, compared to 22 per cent in the energy sector overall (IRENA, 2019a).
Key findings include: (1) Most jobs have been created in a small number of countries, but employment benefits are showing up more widely, especially through the deployment of solar photovoltaic (PV) technologies. Asia accounted for 63 per cent of total jobs in renewables globally; (2) The solar PV industry retains the top spot, with 33 per cent of the total renewable energy workforce. In 2019, 91 per cent of global PV employment was concentrated in the ten countries that lead in worldwide deployment and in the production of equipment; (3) Driven by output growth of 2 per cent for ethanol and 13 per cent for biodiesel, biofuels jobs worldwide expanded to 2.5 million. Production expanded robustly in Brazil, Colombia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand, all of which have labour-intensive supply chains, whereas output in the United States and the European Union fell; (4) Employment in wind power supports 1.2 million jobs, 21 per cent of which are held by women. Onshore projects continue to predominate, but the number of countries with offshore farms now stands at 18, up from 10 a decade ago. Supply chains are expanding; (5) Hydropower has the largest installed capacity of all renewables, but its growth is slowing. The sector employs close to 2 million people directly, many in operations and maintenance; (6) Building the skills base necessary to support the ongoing global energy transition from fossil fuels to renewables requires more vocational training, stronger curricula, more teacher training and expanded use of information and communications technology for remote learning; and (7) The [Coronavirus Disease 2019] COVID-19 pandemic reinforced the importance of strong policy frameworks for renewables to achieve social, economic and environmental objectives.
Edited excerpts from key findings publication. Show less

Authors: Ferroukhi, Rabia; Renner, Michael; Garcia-Banos, Celia; Elsayed, Samah ... [+] Show more

Date: 2020

Geographic subjects: Africa; Asia; Central America and the Caribbean ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Industry information

Series name: Renewable energy and jobs annual review

Subjects: Employment; Sustainability; Industry ... [+] Show more
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Renewable energy and jobs: annual review 2019

This sixth edition of Renewable energy and jobs: annual review provides the latest available estimates and calculat... Show more
This sixth edition of Renewable energy and jobs: annual review provides the latest available estimates and calculations on renewable energy employment. It represents an on-going effort to refine and improve data and methodologies. Global numbers are based on a wide range of studies with varying methodologies and uneven detail and quality. The global renewable energy sector employed 11 million people in 2018. This compares with 10.3 million in 2017, based on available information. Employment remains concentrated in a handful of countries, with China, Brazil, the United States, India and members of the European Union in the lead. Asian countries' share remained at 60 per cent of the global total. Several factors - including national deployment and industrial policies, changes in the geographic footprint of supply chains and in trade patterns, and industry consolidation trends - shape how and where jobs are created. Nonetheless, the increasingly diverse geographic footprint of energy-generation capacities and, to a lesser degree, assembly and manufacturing plants, has created jobs in a rising number of countries.
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Authors: Renner, Michael; Garcia-Banos, Celia; Khalid, Arslan

Date: 2019

Geographic subjects: Africa; Asia; Europe ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Industry information

Series name: Renewable energy and jobs annual review

Subjects: Employment; Sustainability; Industry ... [+] Show more
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Renewable energy and jobs: annual review 2022

Jobs are of great importance in any economy. They are especially critical as the energy transition unfolds, given e... Show more
Jobs are of great importance in any economy. They are especially critical as the energy transition unfolds, given expected changes and disruptions in economic structures. Jobs represent a tangible benefit that gives people a stake in this transformation, and therefore promises to raise its political acceptance. This ninth edition of the annual review provides the latest estimates of renewable energy employment globally.
Based on a wide range of studies and reports the report surveys the global renewable energy employment landscape as of 2021. It discusses experiences in selected countries with respect to deployment trends, policy contexts and [Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)] pandemic impacts, with an eye to job numbers as well as job quality. This edition spotlights issues of job quality and labour standards in the mining and processing of raw materials inputs (upstream) and in the handling of materials once renewable energy generating facilities are decommissioned (downstream).
The lingering impacts of the COVID-19 crisis have put a spotlight on the viability of far-flung supply chains. Trade disputes and geopolitical rivalries are reinforcing interest in localisation of supply chains, both to enhance resilience in the face of external shocks and to boost domestic value creation and jobs. Numerous countries are adopting trade measures and industrial policy strategies to build and expand their supply chains. Other key policy objectives include ensuring jobs are decent, and that equal employment opportunities exist for women, youth and minorities.
Edited excerpt from publisher's website. Show less

Authors: Renner, Michael; Garcia-Banos, Celia; Khalid, Arslan

Date: 2022

Resource type: Industry information

Series name: Renewable energy and jobs annual review

Subjects: Employment; Industry; Technology ... [+] Show more
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Renewable energy and jobs: annual review 2018

The industry created more than 500 000 new jobs globally in 2017, with the total number of people employed in renew... Show more
The industry created more than 500 000 new jobs globally in 2017, with the total number of people employed in renewables (including large hydropower) surpassing 10 million for the first time. This report presents the status of employment, both by technology and in selected countries, over the past year. Jobs in the sector (including large hydropower) increased 5.3 per cent in 2017, for a total of 10.3 million people employed worldwide. China, Brazil, the United States, India, Germany and Japan have remained the world's biggest renewable energy employers, representing more than 70 per cent of such jobs. While growing numbers of countries reap socio-economic benefits from renewables, the bulk of manufacturing still takes place in relatively few countries. Four-fifths of all renewable energy jobs in 2017 were in Asia. Among the various technologies based on renewables, the solar photovoltaic (PV) industry supports the most jobs. PV jobs increased almost 9 per cent to reach 3.4 million around the world in 2017, reflecting the year's record 94 gigawatts of PV installation. Jobs in the global wind power industry contracted slightly to 1.15 million. Europe still accounts for five of the world's top ten countries for installed wind power capacity.
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Authors: Renner, Michael; Garcia-Banos, Celia; Nagpal, Divyam; Khalid, Arslan

Date: 2018

Geographic subjects: Africa; Asia; Europe ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Industry information

Series name: Renewable energy and jobs annual review

Subjects: Industry; Skills and knowledge; Sustainability ... [+] Show more
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Green jobs: towards decent work in a sustainable, low-carbon world: report for United Nations Environment Programme

This report has been commissioned and funded by United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), as part of the joint U... Show more
This report has been commissioned and funded by United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), as part of the joint UNEP, International Labour Organization (ILO), International Organisation of Employers (IOE), International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) Green Jobs Initiative. The report is the first comprehensive study on the emergence of a 'green economy' and its impact on the world of work. It includes new data that shows a changing pattern of employment in which green jobs are being generated in many sectors and economies around the world as a result of measures to tackle climate change and to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. This has also led to changing patterns of investment flows into areas such as renewable energy and energy efficiency at the household and industrial level. Within current policy frameworks, only a fraction of the potential benefits for jobs and development is forthcoming.
Published summary from ILO website. Show less

Authors: Renner, Michael; Sweeney, Sean; Kubit, Jill

Corporate authors: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) ... [+] Show more

Date: 2008

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Subjects: Finance; Employment; Management ... [+] Show more

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