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This report is part of a series that provides an assessment of how well active labour market policies (ALMPs) help all groups to move into productive and rewarding jobs, and policy recommendations for improving their effectiveness. The report uses rich administrative data from different registers in Greece to evaluate the impact of two types of ALMPs: wage subsidies and training for unemployed people. The analysis looks at outcomes beyond the probability of employment and examines how the selected ALMPs affect different population groups. The report finds a positive impact of both types of ALMPs and makes recommendations for further improving the effectiveness of Greece's ALMPs and strengthening the capacity of the authorities to conduct ALMP impact evaluations.

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This report on Italy is part of a series of reports looking into how policies connect people with jobs. It discusses how active labour market policies in Italy are performing both on the national and the regional level, focussing particularly on the reform process in the system of public employment services initiated by the Jobs Act. The ongoing reform has good potential to improve the performance of employment services in Italy, particularly if the stakeholders of the system cooperate to establish a binding performance management framework and develop national IT infrastructure supporting the tasks of the local offices to serve jobseekers and employers. The National Agency for Active Labour Market Policies has a key role in encouraging the cooperation between the stakeholders, leading the development of new tools and methodologies and thus supporting the local employment offices to implement the new service model. Besides the general reform process, the review looks at some specific approaches regarding providing employment services in Italy - using jobseeker profiling tools to target active labour market policies; increasing quality and capacity of employment services by contracting out employment services to private service providers; and reaching out to employers and advancing demand-side services.

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This report on Estonia is part of a series of reports looking into how policies connect people with jobs. It discusses the set-up and performance of active labour market policies (ALMPs) in Estonia. In particular, the report analyses the institutional and regulatory framework of ALMP provision in Estonia, assesses the need for ALMPs in the Estonian population and evaluates whether ALMPs reach the people they are targeted to. For that purpose, the report relies on the analysis of a rich set of linked administrative data which allow to identify the labour market obstacles faced by people furthest from the labour market, and identify gaps and overlaps in the ALMPs and related support provided to them.

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This study provides a framework to compare and classify the institutional set-up of active labour market policy (ALMP) provision across countries, which is a key determinant of how well ALMP systems can respond to changing labour market needs, e.g. in response to the [Coronavirus Disease 2019] COVID-19 crisis. The paper builds on an OECD-EC [European Commission] questionnaire on 'Active labour market policy measures to mitigate the rise in (long-term) unemployment' filled in by OECD and EU countries in the last quarter of 2020. The paper presents a dashboard of the institutional set-up of ALMP provision in 43 OECD and EU countries, which classifies the ALMP systems of different countries according to their organisational set-up (i.e. division of responsibilities between key stakeholders), their regulatory set-up (i.e. key legislation regulating ALMP provision) and their capacity to deliver employment support services (i.e. resources available).

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This report on Lithuania is the tenth country study published in a series of reports looking into how policies connect people with jobs. This report is produced in the framework of a project of the OECD with the European Commission which aims to raise the quality of the data collected and their use in the evaluation of the effectiveness of active labour market policies (ALMPs). The report uses rich administrative data from different registers in Lithuania to evaluate the impact of two types of ALMPs: employment subsidies and vocational training for unemployed people. The analysis examines the outcomes of the selected ALMPs beyond just the probability of employment and how different population groups are affected. Finally, the report makes recommendations for improving the effectiveness of Lithuania's ALMPs and strengthening the capacity of the Lithuanian authorities in conducting ALMP impact evaluations.

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This report is part of a series that provides an assessment of how well active labour market policies (ALMPs) help all groups to move into productive and rewarding jobs, and policy recommendations for improving their effectiveness. The report uses rich administrative data from different registers in Finland to evaluate the impact of two types of training available to jobseekers: participation in the education system via the self-motivated training framework, and shorter courses of labour market training. Training outcomes are examined that go beyond the probability of employment and how different population groups are affected. The report also assesses the framework for impact evaluation of ALMPs in Finland, covering the whole cycle of evidence-based policy making from strategy and planning of evaluations, resources, data collection and evaluation methodologies to dissemination of evidence and use in policy making. Finally, the report makes recommendations for improving the effectiveness of Finland's ALMPs and strengthening the capacity of the Finnish authorities in conducting ALMP impact evaluations.

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Active labour market policies (ALMPs) that connect people to jobs will help to ensure an equitable and sustained recovery from the [Coronavirus Disease 2019] COVID-19 crisis. Already in 2020, many governments reacted swiftly to the crisis by increasing funding for their public employment services (PES), training programmes and measures to increase labour demand. This has allowed the PES to hire additional staff and expand remote and digital accessibility to ensure service continuity. However, additional resources are needed in 2021 and the years to come to ensure that high-quality employment services and programmes can be effective in fostering a quick reintegration of the many jobseekers into the labour market. This policy brief highlights how OECD and a number of other countries have responded to the crisis in adapting and expanding the provision of employment services.

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