Search Results | VOCEDplus, the international tertiary education and research database

Individual learning accounts: design is key for success

The world of work is changing. OECD economies have experienced a significant structural shift in employment from ma ... Show more
The world of work is changing. OECD economies have experienced a significant structural shift in employment from manufacturing to services and the share of non-standard contracts has risen in a number of countries. These changes are reinforcing the need for greater reskilling and upskilling opportunities, at a time when traditional training measures are failing to reach those who need them most. There has been a renewed interest by policy makers in individual learning accounts as a way of tying training rights to the individual rather than to the job. Yet relatively little is known about the functioning and performance of individual learnings accounts. More broadly, while they are often sold as a panacea to respond to these new challenges, research on the topic is relatively scarce and often dated. The OECD's report, 'Individual learning accounts: panacea or Pandora's box?' [available in VOCEDplus at TD/TNC 138.515] helps to fill this knowledge gap. It reviews the experience with past and existing individual learning schemes through a series of case studies and a literature review. This brief highlights the report's key lessons and guidance for policy makers interested in setting up an individual learning scheme (ILS).
Edited excerpts from publication. Show less

Corporate authors: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

Date: 2019

Geographic subjects: Austria; France; Italy ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: OECD policy brief on the future of work

Subjects: Lifelong learning; Skills and knowledge; Participation ... [+] Show more
Local dimension of welfare-to-work: an international survey

Traditional welfare and unemployment policies have been unable to deal with the problems of high unemployment and e ... Show more
Traditional welfare and unemployment policies have been unable to deal with the problems of high unemployment and exclusion in OECD countries and recently a wave of new approaches has emerged together with new political notions of welfare-to-work. This publication describes these new approaches in countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, France and the Netherlands. These countries are all relying increasingly on local agencies to design and manage policy to try to develop the skills and resources needed within local areas. It provides analysis of the approaches used to implement effective welfare-to-work policies. This publication contains the following chapters: Creating the balance between local flexibility and a central framework; Making local partnerships work; Promising local policy tools; Conclusion and perspectives for the future; A comparison of local approaches to welfare-to-work in the United States, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands / Dan Finn; Issues raised by welfare reform in the United States / Robert Straits; Welfare-to-work partnerships: lessons from the United Kingdom / Mike Campbell, Simon Foy and Jo Hutchinson; United States experience in engaging the business sector in welfare-to-work policies / Lyn Hogan; Social enterprises: a local tool for welfare-to-work policies / Carlo Borzaga; New approaches to public income support in Canada / Alice Nakamura, Ging Wong and W. Erwin Diewert.
Individual papers are indexed from TD/INT 61.540 to TD/INT 61.548. Show less

Corporate authors: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

Conference name: The Local Dimension of Welfare-to-Work

Date: 1999

Geographic subjects: North America; Europe; France ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Conference

Subjects: Economics; Employment; Policy
Global skills gaps measurement and monitoring: towards a collaborative framework

Technological advancement, globalization, climate change and demographic shifts, against the backdrop of the [Coron ... Show more
Technological advancement, globalization, climate change and demographic shifts, against the backdrop of the [Coronavirus Disease 2019] COVID-19 pandemic and cost-of-living crisis, are impacting skill needs and exacerbating skill mismatches. Strengthening the evidence base to inform skills policies requires accurate labour market information and intelligence. However, observing and measuring the actual skills that workers possess or require is difficult and expensive, therefore proxy indicators are usually used. This paper proposes a set of basic and extended indicators to facilitate the collection and improve the quality and comparability of the data on skills and skills imbalances across G20 countries.
Excerpt from publication. Show less

Corporate authors: International Labour Organization (ILO) ... [+] Show more

Date: 2023

Geographic subjects: Argentina;

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Subjects: Labour market; Skills and knowledge; Policy
Ageing and employment policies = Vieillissement et politiques de l’emploi: France

In 2001, the OECD launched a review of policies to improve labour market prospects for older workers. The aim of th ... Show more
In 2001, the OECD launched a review of policies to improve labour market prospects for older workers. The aim of this review is to examine both supply-side and demand-side aspects of this topic. Older workers have been defined as those aged 50 years and over. The review argues that many policy measures and workplace practices create significant barriers to older workers continuing to work and that current reforms will not be sufficient to encourage later retirement and to lessen the risk of future labour shortages. Statistical evidence suggests that in France, the proportion of persons aged 65 and over to the working-age population will double to 58% by 2050. It is argued that unless policy changes are made, this population ageing could lead to higher public expenditures, labour force shortages, and slower economic growth. This report surveys the main barriers to employment for older workers, assesses the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to overcome these barriers and presents a set of policy recommendations for further action by the public authorities and social partners. It examines the balances between income support and work incentives, methods for encouraging employers to hire and retain workers, and policies for ensuring the employability of older workers. This report is published in English with a French translation of the executive summary and recommendations. The chapters are: The challenge ahead; The labour market situation of older workers; Protecting older people while enhancing work incentives; Removing demand-side barriers; Strengthening employability; Policy coherency and dilemmas. Show less

Corporate authors: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

Date: 2005

Geographic subjects: Europe; France

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: Ageing and employment policies

Subjects: Outcomes; Demographics; Policy ... [+] Show more
Getting skills right: good practice in adapting to changing skill needs: a perspective on France, Italy, Spain, South Africa and the United Kingdom

Skills have the potential to transform lives and drive economies. However, in many countries, imbalances between th ... Show more
Skills have the potential to transform lives and drive economies. However, in many countries, imbalances between the supply and demand for skills lead to significant skill mismatches and shortages, with as many as three in five workers in the OECD employed in jobs that do not make the best use of their skills. At the same time, a large number of employers report hiring problems due to skill shortages. This report is part of a series examining how countries measure changing skill needs and how they develop skills that respond to labour market needs and how they ensure that these skills are fully utilised by individuals and employers.
The report identifies effective strategies to tackle skills imbalances, based on five country-specific policy notes for France, Italy, Spain, South Africa and the United Kingdom. It provides a comparative assessment of practices and policies in the following areas: the collection and use of information on skill needs to foster a better alignment of skills acquisitions with labour market needs; the design of education and training systems and their responsiveness to changing skill needs; the re-training of unemployed individuals; and the improvement of skills use and skills matching in the labour market. The assessment is based on country visits, desk research and data analysis conducted by the OECD secretariat in the five countries reviewed. Examples of good practice from other countries are also discussed.
Excerpts from published abstract. Show less

Corporate authors: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

Date: 2017

Geographic subjects: France; Italy; Spain ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: Getting skills right

Subjects: Skills and knowledge; Labour market; Policy ... [+] Show more
Market failures and the under-provision of training

This conference paper focuses on training provided by firms. Many empirical studies demonstrate considerable variat ... Show more
This conference paper focuses on training provided by firms. Many empirical studies demonstrate considerable variation across countries and across socio-economic groups in training participation rates, with Nordic countries showing higher participation than Southern European countries, and low-educated and older workers generally participating less than other groups in training activities. To investigate the reasons for this situation, the authors examine both the theoretical underpinnings and the empirical evidence in support of the under-provision of training. Under-provision is used to denote when 'training is below its efficient level, which equalises marginal social benefits to marginal social costs'. The authors argue that, if firms invest in general training, important evidence on under-provision can be gathered by examining the relationship between investment in training and labour turnover. They find evidence of a 'statistically significant and positive relationship between employer-provided training and subsequent turnover' for Denmark, Belgium, France and the UK. In the remaining countries the relationship is either not statistically significant or negative and statistically significant, as in the case of Finland. The evidence that, in no country except Finland, training significantly decreases the quit rate is suggestive of under-provision. The authors suggest that policies which aim at increasing the level of training above the market level should be designed to affect either supply or demand, or both.
Selected papers from the conference are indexed from TD/TNC 87.81 to TD/TNC 87.84. Show less

Authors: Brunello, Giorgio; De Paola, Maria

Corporate authors: European Commission (EC) ... [+] Show more

Conference name: EC-OECD Seminar on Human Capital and Labour Market Performance

Date: 2004

Geographic subjects: Europe; Denmark; Belgium ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Conference paper

Subjects: Participation; Policy; Workforce development ... [+] Show more
Getting skills right: France

Skills have the potential to transform lives and drive economies. However, in many countries, imbalances between th ... Show more
Skills have the potential to transform lives and drive economies. However, in many countries, imbalances between the supply and demand for skills lead to significant skill mismatches and shortages, with as many as three in five workers in the OECD employed in jobs that do not make the best use of their skills. At the same time, a large number of employers report hiring problems due to skill shortages. This report is part of a series examining how countries measure changing skill needs and how they develop skills that respond to labour market needs and how they ensure that these skills are fully utilised by individuals and employers.
This report identifies effective strategies to tackle skills imbalances in France. It provides an assessment of practices and policies in the following areas: the collection and use of information on skill needs to foster a better alignment of skills acquisitions with labour market needs; policies stimulating skills demand and skills use; policies related to general and professional education and training; policies to help the unemployed develop the right skills and better match them to jobs; career guidance initiatives; and policies facilitating the entry of migrants with skills that are in demand. The assessment is based on country visits, desk research and data analysis conducted by the OECD secretariat.
Published abstract. Show less

Corporate authors: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

Date: 2017

Geographic subjects: France; Europe

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: Getting skills right

Subjects: Skills and knowledge; Labour market; Policy ... [+] Show more
A catalogue of recent lifelong learning co-financing initiatives: 2004

The European Learning Account Partners' (ELAP) Network comprises representatives from national and regional governm ... Show more
The European Learning Account Partners' (ELAP) Network comprises representatives from national and regional governments and other organisations throughout Europe that are interested in policy development to facilitate the sharing of lifelong learning costs among individuals, governments, employers and other interested parties. This document catalogues existing examples of 'demand led measures or initiatives for lifelong learning' in the ELAP network and in other OECD countries. These initiatives refer to 'user-oriented training approaches that enable individuals to become active learners and therefore enable them to influence (to some extent) the type of education and training they are provided with. These include individual learning accounts, training vouchers, and tax credits or training allowances. The catalogue focuses on lifelong learning for adults but also includes examples aimed at other groups, e.g. young students. The catalogue contains 39 examples of lifelong learning promotion from 15 OECD countries: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Korea, Netherlands, Spain (Basque region), Sweden, Switzerland, UK (including Wales), and the USA. Most initiatives have been developed by national or regional public authorities although some developed by private enterprises have been included. The following information is provided for each initiative: identification of the measure/initiative; target group; type of admissable learning; financing; management of funds; results/general assessment/perspectives. Show less

Corporate authors: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) ... [+] Show more

Date: 2004

Geographic subjects: North America; Asia; Oceania ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Guide

Subjects: Lifelong learning; Adult and community education; Governance ... [+] Show more
Classifying educational programmes: manual for ISCED-97 implementation in OECD countries

The International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) is an instrument designed by UNESCO in the early 197 ... Show more
The International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) is an instrument designed by UNESCO in the early 1970s to assemble, compile and present educational statistics both within individual countries as well as internationally. The 1997 revised ISCED covers two cross-classification variables: levels and fields of education. This manual, provides assistance to OECD member countries in the implementation of ISCED-97 in international data collections. It summarises the rationale for the revised ISCED framework and defines the characteristics of the ISCED-97 levels and cross-classification categories for OECD countries. The manual also contains proposals for the allocation of national educational programs to ISCED-97 levels for all 29 OECD countries. The contents are: Introduction; Coverage and structure of ISCED-97; Other dimensions not accounted for ISCED-97; Level structure of ISCED-97 and corresponding classification criteria; ISCED 0 - pre-primary education; ISCED 1 - primary level of education; ISCED 2 - lower secondary level of education; ISCED 3 - upper secondary level of education; ISCED 4 - post-secondary non-tertiary; ISCED 5 - first stage of tertiary education; ISCED level 6 - second stage of tertiary education; Proposed allocation of national educational programmes to ISCED-97; ISCED-97 levels for each OECD country.
ISCED 1997 is available in VOCEDplus at TD/TNC 69.693; and the operational manual at TD/TNC 69.694. Show less

Corporate authors: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

Date: 1999

Geographic subjects: North America; Asia; Europe ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Guide

Series name: International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED)

Subjects: Statistics; Research; Teaching and learning
Are young people attaining higher levels of education than their parents?

Over the past decades, almost all OECD countries have seen significant increases in the educational attainment of t ... Show more
Over the past decades, almost all OECD countries have seen significant increases in the educational attainment of their populations. As the attainment level of the population increases from generation to generation, adults may attain a higher level of education than their parents. The Survey of Adult Skills, a product of the OECD Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), found on average that 39 per cent of adults have achieved a higher level of education than their parents across 24 national and sub-national entities participating. Upward educational mobility may be falling among younger generations as the population has a higher educational level. Still, young people with tertiary educated parents are more likely to participate in tertiary education than those whose parents did not have a tertiary qualification.
Excerpts from publication. Show less

Corporate authors: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

Date: 2015

Geographic subjects: Czech Republic; Europe; Germany ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: OECD education indicators in focus

Subjects: Culture and society; Outcomes; Students ... [+] Show more