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Purpose - The notion of communities of practice (CoP) has received great attention in educational and organisational practice and research. Although the concept originally refers to collaborative practices that emerge naturally, educational and HRD practitioners are increasingly searching for ways to create these practices intentionally in order to stimulate learning and professional development in specific fields. This paper aims to gain insight into ways in which communities of practice can be deliberately organised. Design/methodology/approach - The study concerns a multiple case study of the deliberate initiation of 15 communities of practice of small and medium-sized companies in the tourist sector, located in seven European countries. The analysis focuses on how meaningful, shared and coordinative activity is organised in each of the 15 cases. A multiple case study allowed for comparison between the various cases in order to target fruitful conditions and actions in organisation processes. Findings - In the initiation of a CoP it is important that before an outsider starts to organise and coordinate activities questions such as 'How are we relevant to one another?' and 'Who are we and where are we going?' are answered first, and by the group itself. These questions relate to the development of meaningful activity (domain) and of shared activity (community). Following this, any coordinative system, any practice, should be subordinated to the motives of the group. Originality/value - Besides identifying various actions for human resource developers who aim to apply the concept of CoP in professional work, the study contributes to the scientific formulation of pedagogical notions around communities of practice.

Published abstract reprinted by permission of the copyright owner. Show less

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are relatively flexible and quickly adapt to change, so they are seen as key organisations for driving innovation and to promote employment, with employee professional development and training often seen as a precondition to achieve innovations and to compete with other companies. However, small enterprises are often not able to develop or finance learning initiatives independently. These initiatives can be facilitated by communities of practice (CoPs), where these communities address work-related issues or are rooted in daily work processes. In the Work and Learn Together (WLT) project, virtual communities of practice of SMEs in the tourist sector have been set up in order to facilitate and support lifelong learning of employers and employees in the workplace. A research study has looked at the initiation process of the CoPs with the intention to critically explore whether and how informal, self-motivated CoPs can be organized. This paper first focuses on the concept of CoPs, then the research method, data collection, analysis, results and conclusions are described.

Available papers from this conference are indexed from TD/TNC 91.451 to TD/TNC 91.476. Show less