Search Results | VOCEDplus, the international tertiary education and research database

Apprenticeship training and the business cycle

Dual apprenticeship training is a market-driven form of education at the upper secondary level, taking place in fir ... Show more
Dual apprenticeship training is a market-driven form of education at the upper secondary level, taking place in firms as well as in vocational schools. So far, little is known about the impact of the business cycle on the number of apprenticeship programs offered by firms. Using panel-data of Swiss cantons from 1988-2004, we find that the influence of the business cycle is statistically significant, but small in size. Instead, supply of apprenticeship programs is driven to a much greater extent by demographic change. Conversely, the number of first-year high school students is not affected by the business cycle. We find, however, that enrollment increases if the population at age 16 grows, but access to high schools does not become more restricted in times of negative growth.
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Authors: Muehlemann, Samuel; Wolter, Stefan C.; Wuest, Adrian

Corporate authors: Institute for the Study of Labour (Germany) (IZA)

Date: 2009

Geographic subjects: Switzerland; Europe

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: IZA discussion paper

Subjects: Apprenticeship; Secondary education; Vocational education and training ... [+] Show more
Skill-biased transition: the role of markets, institutions, and technological change

This study attempts to explain why the transition to a market economy is skill-biased. It shows unequivocal evidenc ... Show more
This study attempts to explain why the transition to a market economy is skill-biased. It shows unequivocal evidence on increased skill wage premium and supply of skills in transition economies. It examines whether similar skill-favouring shifts in the Russian and US economies are driven by the same set of factors. [The] analysis elaborates on the model of alternative theories of the increased wage skill premium and then evaluates three main hypotheses: skill-biased technological change, the market adjustment hypothesis, and the institutional factor hypothesis. To test these hypotheses, the study uses unique linked employer-employee data that spans the 16 years of the Soviet and transition periods in Russia (1985-2000), with a special emphasis on data quality, measurement errors, and retrospective biases. The main conclusion is that there is no uni-causal and time-invariant explanation for skill-biased changes in wages and employment in the Russian economy. The increased skill wage premium has been driven mainly by institutional factors during the early period and by productivity and technological change during the late transition period, and reinforced by market adjustment of wage ratio to the true differences in labour productivity.
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Authors: Peter, Klara Sabirianova

Corporate authors: Institute for the Study of Labour (Germany) (IZA)

Date: 2003

Geographic subjects: Europe; Russia

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: IZA discussion paper

Subjects: Outcomes; Technology; Skills and knowledge ... [+] Show more
Employer learning and the returns to schooling

We examine the dynamic role of education and experience as determinants of wages. It is hypothesised that an employ ... Show more
We examine the dynamic role of education and experience as determinants of wages. It is hypothesised that an employee’s education is an important signal to the employer initially. Over time, the returns to schooling should decrease with labour market experience and increase with initially unobserved ability, since the employer gradually obtains better information on the productivity of an employee. Replicating US studies using data from a large German panel data set (GSOEP), we find no evidence for the employer learning hypothesis for Germany. Differentiating blue-collar and white-collar workers and estimating quantile regressions, however, leads to the conclusion that employer learning takes place for blue-collar workers at the lower end of the wage distribution. We further show, that information on the productivity of an employee is to a large extend private.
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Authors: Bauer, Thomas K.; Haisken-DeNew, John P.

Corporate authors: Institute for the Study of Labour (Germany) (IZA)

Date: 2000

Geographic subjects: Europe; Germany

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: IZA discussion paper

Subjects: Outcomes; Income; Research ... [+] Show more
Entrepreneurship and market size: the case of young college graduates in Italy

We analyze empirically the effects of urban agglomeration on Italian college graduates' work possibilities as entre ... Show more
We analyze empirically the effects of urban agglomeration on Italian college graduates' work possibilities as entrepreneurs three years after graduation. We find that each 100,000 inhabitant-increase in the size of the individual's province of work reduces the chances of being an entrepreneur by 0.2-0.3 per cent. This result holds after controlling for regional fixed effects and is robust to instrumenting urbanization. Province's competition, urban amenities and dis-amenities, cost of labor, earning differentials between employees and self-employed workers, unemployment rates and value added per capita account for 40 per cent of the negative urbanization penalty. Our result cannot be explained by the presence of negative large-city differentials in returns to education either. In fact, as long as they succeed in entering the largest markets, young entrepreneurs are able to reap-off the benefits of urbanization externalities: every 100,000-inhabitant increase in the province's population raises entrepreneurs' net monthly income by 0.2-0.3 per cent.
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Authors: Di Addario, Sabrina; Vuri, Daniela

Corporate authors: Institute for the Study of Labour (Germany) (IZA)

Date: 2010

Geographic subjects: Italy; Europe

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: IZA discussion paper

Subjects: Students; Employment; Demographics ... [+] Show more
Le partenariat dans l'enseignement technique et professionnel

The text is written only in French. This document is the final report of a seminar for key personnel from francopho ... Show more
The text is written only in French. This document is the final report of a seminar for key personnel from francophone African countries held in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, 10-14 February 1997. It presents experience of co-operation between technical and vocational education and the world of work in Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal and Togo. It is valuable as a resource to guide people who are responsible for the promotion of such co-operation. Show less

Corporate authors: UNESCO. International Centre for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (UNESCO-UNEVOC)

Date: 1997

Geographic subjects: Africa; Chad; Togo ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Conference

Subjects: Employment; Vocational education and training; Management
UNEVOC in action 2002-2003

This is the first biennial report issued by the UNESCO-UNEVOC International Centre on its various activities. The r ... Show more
This is the first biennial report issued by the UNESCO-UNEVOC International Centre on its various activities. The report does not cover the whole range of UNESCO activities in technical and vocational education and training (TVET) for the changing world of work, but only those undertaken by the UNESCO-UNEVOC International Centre.
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Corporate authors: UNESCO. International Centre for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (UNESCO-UNEVOC)

Date: 2004

Resource type: General publication

Subjects: Vocational education and training; Workforce development; Management ... [+] Show more
World TVET Database: Afghanistan [2012]

The World Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Database is an online repository developed by UNES ... Show more
The World Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Database is an online repository developed by UNESCO-UNEVOC. It aims to provide up-to-date information on TVET systems worldwide. This country profile for Afghanistan outlines the TVET mission, strategy and legislation and provides an overview of the TVET systems - formal, non-formal and informal, governance and financing, TVET teachers and trainers, the qualifications framework and current reforms and major projects. Show less

Corporate authors: UNESCO. International Centre for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (UNESCO-UNEVOC) ... [+] Show more

Date: 2012

Geographic subjects: Afghanistan; Asia

Resource type: Country information

Series name: World TVET Database: country profiles

Subjects: Vocational education and training; Governance; Finance ... [+] Show more
The changing status of vocational higher education in contemporary Japan and the Republic of Korea: a discussion paper

This paper provides an overview of vocationally-oriented higher education institutions in Japan and South Korea, kn ... Show more
This paper provides an overview of vocationally-oriented higher education institutions in Japan and South Korea, known as senmongakko and jeonmun daehack respectively. These institutions were surprisingly competitive against universities in the 1990s and early 2000s, although they currently seem to be losing this competitive edge, mainly due to the increasing vocationalisation of the curriculum in the mainstream universities. Despite their significance for understanding the higher education systems in both Japan and South Korea, very little (and virtually nothing of an academic nature) has been published about the vocationally-oriented higher institutions. The paper seeks to locate senmongakko and jeonmun daehack in a historical, comparative and organisational framework.
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Authors: Goodman, Roger; Hatakenaka, Sachi; Kim, Terri

Corporate authors: UNESCO. International Centre for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (UNESCO-UNEVOC)

Date: 2009

Geographic subjects: Asia; Japan; Korea

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: UNESCO-UNEVOC discussion paper series

Subjects: Vocational education and training; Higher education; Providers of education and training
Firm-specific human capital: a skills-weights approach

One problem with the theory of firm-specific human capital is that it is difficult to generate convincing examples ... Show more
One problem with the theory of firm-specific human capital is that it is difficult to generate convincing examples of investment that could generate the sometimes observed large and continuing effects on earnings. Another approach, called the ‘skill-weights’ view, allows all skills to be general in that there are other firms that use each of the skills. But firms use them in different combinations and with different weights attached to them. The skill-weights view not only has aesthetic appeal, but is consistent with the frequently observed large tenure effects. All of the implications of the traditional view are produced by this approach, and there are a number of other implications that distinguish the new view from the traditional one. The empirical evidence already contains some support for the skill-weights view.
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Authors: Lazear, Edward P.

Corporate authors: Institute for the Study of Labour (Germany) (IZA)

Date: 2003

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: IZA discussion paper

Subjects: Skills and knowledge; Economics
Convention on technical and vocational education

This convention was adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO at its twenty-fifth session in Paris, 10 November 1 ... Show more
This convention was adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO at its twenty-fifth session in Paris, 10 November 1989. The fifteen articles outline the conditions under which the contracting states agree to develop policies relating to technical and further education. These conditions include agreements to: facilitate international co-operation; ensure adequate standards; take account of the educational, cultural and social background of the population; and ensure that individuals are not discriminated against. Show less

Corporate authors: UNESCO. International Centre for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (UNESCO-UNEVOC)

Date: 1989

Resource type: General publication

Subjects: Vocational education and training