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Ethnicity, job search and labor market reintegration of the unemployed

This paper is based on recently collected and rich survey data of a representative sample of entrants into unemploy ... Show more
This paper is based on recently collected and rich survey data of a representative sample of entrants into unemployment in Germany. Our data include a large number of migration variables, allowing us to adapt a recently developed concept of ethnic identity: the ethnosizer. To shed further light on the native-migrant differences in economic outcomes, we investigate the labor market reintegration, patterns of job search, and reservation wages across unemployed migrants and natives in Germany. Our results indicate that separated migrants have a relatively slow reintegration into the labor market. We explain this finding by arguing that this group exerts a relatively low search effort and that it has reservation wages which are moderate, yet still above the level which would imply similar employment probabilities as other groups of migrants.
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Authors: Constant, Amelie F.; Kahanec, Martin; Rinne, Ulf; Zimmermann, Klaus F.

Corporate authors: Institute for the Study of Labour (Germany) (IZA)

Date: 2009

Geographic subjects: Europe; Germany

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: IZA discussion paper

Subjects: Migration; Labour market; Demographics ... [+] Show more
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Labor mobility of immigrants: training, experience, language and opportunities

This paper analyses the labour mobility and human capital accumulation of male immigrants who moved from the former ... Show more
This paper analyses the labour mobility and human capital accumulation of male immigrants who moved from the former Soviet Union to Israel. We formulate an estimable dynamic choice model for employment and training in blue and white-collar occupations, where the labour market randomly offered opportunities are affected by past choices. The estimated model well fits the observed patterns of the fast decrease in unemployment as immigrants first find blue-collar jobs and attend training, followed by a gradual movement to white-collar occupations. The estimated rates of return to local training, local experience and local language are very high, but imported skills have zero (conditional) return. Furthermore, the welfare gain from the impact of training on job offer probabilities is larger than its effect on wages. Due to low job offer rates, the realised rate of return from white-collar training is relatively low and takes time. As a result, the annual aggregate wage growth, due to the availability of training programs, increases with time in Israel to 1.4 per cent in the fifth year.
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Authors: Cohen, Sarit; Eckstein, Zvi

Corporate authors: Institute for the Study of Labour (Germany) (IZA)

Date: 2002

Geographic subjects: Middle East; Israel

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: IZA discussion paper

Subjects: Language; Skills and knowledge; Gender ... [+] Show more
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Selective immigration policies, migrants' education and welfare at origin

Destination countries are progressively shifting towards selective immigration policies. These can effectively incr ... Show more
Destination countries are progressively shifting towards selective immigration policies. These can effectively increase migrants' average education even if one allows for endogenous schooling decisions and education policies at origin. Still, more selective immigration policies reduce social welfare at origin.
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Authors: Bertoli, Simone; Brucker, Herbert

Corporate authors: Institute for the Study of Labour (Germany) (IZA)

Date: 2010

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: IZA discussion paper

Subjects: Migration; Policy; Workforce development
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The demand for high-skilled workers and immigration policy

This paper provides a descriptive analysis of the demand for high-skilled workers using a new firm data set, the IZ ... Show more
This paper provides a descriptive analysis of the demand for high-skilled workers using a new firm data set, the IZA International Employer Survey 2000. Our results suggest that while workers from [European Union] EU-countries are mainly complements to domestic high-skilled workers, workers from non-EU countries are hired because of a shortage of high-skilled labour. The paper, furthermore, provides a short description of recent German policy initiatives regarding the temporary immigration of high-skilled labour. In view of our descriptive results these temporary immigration policies seem, however, to satisfy only partly the demand of firms interested in recruiting foreign high-skilled workers. A more comprehensive immigration policy covering also the permanent immigration of high-skilled workers appears to be necessary.
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Authors: Bauer, Thomas K.; Kunze, Astrid

Corporate authors: Institute for the Study of Labour (Germany) (IZA)

Date: 2004

Geographic subjects: Europe; Germany

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: IZA discussion paper

Subjects: Research; Policy; Statistics ... [+] Show more
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The job search and education investments of immigrant families

This paper examines the post-migration investments in schooling and job search of immigrant families using new long ... Show more
This paper examines the post-migration investments in schooling and job search of immigrant families using new longitudinal data for Australia. Higher education levels at time of arrival are associated with a greater probability of enrolling in school after migration. In households where the visa category would suggest that post-migration investments may be important, we find higher rates of school enrolment and job search. Traditional gender roles appear to dictate which partner makes the investments in formal schooling. However, comparative labour market advantage, captured by principal applicant status appears to dictate which partner makes greater investments in job search.
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Authors: Cobb-Clark, Deborah A.; Connolly, Marie D.; Worswick, Christopher

Corporate authors: Institute for the Study of Labour (Germany) (IZA)

Date: 2001

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: IZA discussion paper

Subjects: Gender; Participation; Research ... [+] Show more
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Heterogeneity in schooling rates of return

This paper relaxes the assumption of homogeneous rates of return to schooling by employing nonparametric kernel reg ... Show more
This paper relaxes the assumption of homogeneous rates of return to schooling by employing nonparametric kernel regression. This approach allows us to examine the differences in rates of return to education both across and within groups. Similar to previous studies we find that on average blacks have higher returns to education than whites, natives have higher returns than immigrants and younger workers have higher returns than older workers. Contrary to previous studies we find that the average gap of the rate of return between white and black workers is larger than previously thought and the gap is smaller between immigrants and natives. We also uncover significant heterogeneity, the extent of which differs both across and within groups. The estimated densities of returns vary across groups and time periods and are often skewed. For example, during the period 1950-1990, at least five per cent of whites have negative returns. Finally, we uncover the characteristics common amongst those with the smallest and largest returns to education. For example, we find that immigrants, aged 50-59, are most likely to have rates of return in the bottom five per cent of the population.
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Authors: Henderson, Daniel J.; Polachek, Solomon W.; Wang, Le

Corporate authors: Institute for the Study of Labour (Germany) (IZA)

Date: 2011

Geographic subjects: United States; North America

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: IZA discussion paper

Subjects: Outcomes; Demographics; Migration ... [+] Show more
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A note on informality in the labor market

This paper provides a detailed analysis of various dimensions of informality in the Mexican labor market. To unders ... Show more
This paper provides a detailed analysis of various dimensions of informality in the Mexican labor market. To understand the nature of informality in terms of regulations and compliance, the legalistic view, and in terms of productivity view of the labor market this paper makes an empirical contribution to the debate in the literature on the concept of informality. Questions related to these various concepts, social security and benefits coverage, contractual information, legal status of migrants, the nature of self-employment and job history information are analyzed in terms of their relationship to each other and are also related to individual and household characteristics. This paper finds a substantial overlap between the various concepts, current legal arrangements of social security coverage or contract and also in the individual's job history. In terms of individual characteristics age, education, martial status and scores in the Raven's test, an ability measure, are significant determinants for the various forms of informality, with some degree of variation across the different categories. Overall, a case is made for further studies of household survey data and the implementation of questions relating to different dimensions of informality and their inter-linkages.
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Authors: Khamis, Melanie

Corporate authors: Institute for the Study of Labour (Germany) (IZA)

Date: 2009

Geographic subjects: North America; Mexico

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: IZA discussion paper

Subjects: Migration; Demographics; Labour market ... [+] Show more
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The effect of integration policies on the time until regular employment of newly arrived immigrants: evidence from Denmark

We analyse the effect of active labour-market programmes on the hazard rate into regular employment for newly arriv ... Show more
We analyse the effect of active labour-market programmes on the hazard rate into regular employment for newly arrived immigrants using the timing-of-events duration model. We take account of language course participation and progression in destination country language skills. We use rich administrative data from Denmark. We find substantial lock-in effects of participation in active labour-market programmes. Post programme effects on the hazard rate to regular employment are significantly positive for wage subsidy programmes, but not for other types of programmes. For language course participants, improvement in language proficiency has significant and substantial positive effects on the hazard rate to employment.
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Authors: Clausen, Jens; Heinesen, Eskil; Hummelgaard, Hans; Husted, Leif ... [+] Show more

Corporate authors: Institute for the Study of Labour (Germany) (IZA)

Date: 2008

Geographic subjects: Europe; Denmark

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: IZA discussion paper

Subjects: Participation; Labour market; Employment ... [+] Show more
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A history of Canadian recruitment of highly skilled immigrants: circa 1980-2001

This paper identifies the types of immigrants that Canada has recruited to foster modern Canadian economic developm ... Show more
This paper identifies the types of immigrants that Canada has recruited to foster modern Canadian economic development and assesses how effective Canada has been in recruiting and retaining these required immigrants in the 21st century. Evidence from both ‘balance of trade’ and ‘balance of payments’ exercises indicates that it is difficult to determine if there actually exist positive net inflows of managers and professionals during the 1982-2001 period. The entry of these highly skilled immigrants resulted from a series of distinct labour market policies adopted by Citizenship and Immigration Canada and its predecessor agencies. The paper presents evidence to support that between 1976-1990 a ‘tap on-tap off’ policy admitted skilled immigrants to Canada only if a labour vacancy was anticipated. However, after 1990 tests reveal that the previous year’s economic immigrant admissions determined the contemporary immigrant flows with a 10 month lag. Offsetting this robust admission of economic immigrants in the 1990s was the substantial outflows of previous Canadian immigrants as part of the rising phenomenon of ‘brain circulation’. Of particular note is the large number of highly skilled Chinese who have returned to Hong-Kong after 1997. Given this ‘brain circulation’ and the chronic underutilization of its highly trained immigrants I conclude that Canada’s traditional use of immigrants as an ‘engine of growth’ is very limited in the 21st century and suggest recruitment of foreign graduate students to revitalize the role of immigrants in Canadian development.
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Authors: DeVoretz, Don J.

Corporate authors: Institute for the Study of Labour (Germany) (IZA)

Date: 2006

Geographic subjects: North America; Canada

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: IZA discussion paper

Subjects: Migration; Statistics; Employment ... [+] Show more
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Labor market effects of immigration: evidence from neighborhood data

This paper combines individual-level data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) with economic and demographic ... Show more
This paper combines individual-level data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) with economic and demographic postcode-level data from administrative records to analyze the effects of immigration on wages and unemployment probabilities of high- and low-skilled natives. Employing an instrumental variable strategy and utilizing the variation in the population share of foreigners across regions and time, we find no support for the hypothesis of adverse labor market effects of immigration.
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Authors: Bauer, Thomas K.; Flake, Regina; Sinning, Mathias G.

Corporate authors: Institute for the Study of Labour (Germany) (IZA)

Date: 2011

Geographic subjects: Germany; Europe

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: IZA discussion paper

Subjects: Labour market; Demographics; Employment ... [+] Show more

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