Search Results | VOCEDplus, the international tertiary education and research database

The Youth Guarantee: making it happen

The Youth Guarantee is an innovative approach to tackling youth unemployment to ensure that all young people under ... Show more
The Youth Guarantee is an innovative approach to tackling youth unemployment to ensure that all young people under 25 - whether registered with employment services or not - get a good-quality offer of employment, continued education, an apprenticeship or a traineeship within four months of becoming unemployed or leaving formal education. [European Union] EU countries endorsed the principle of the Youth Guarantee in April 2013. This leaflet explains how the Youth Guarantee works and why it makes a difference.
Summary from publisher's website. Show less

Corporate authors: European Commission (EC)

Date: 2014

Geographic subjects: Europe

Resource type: Guide

Subjects: Policy; Youth; Employment ... [+] Show more
Graduate employment in the UK: an application of the Gottschalk-Hansen model

There is an apparent inconsistency in the existing literature on graduate employment in the UK. While analyses of r ... Show more
There is an apparent inconsistency in the existing literature on graduate employment in the UK. While analyses of rates of return to graduates or graduate markups show high returns, suggesting that demand has kept up with a rapidly rising supply of graduates, the literature on over-education suggests that many graduates are unable to find employment in graduate jobs and the proportion over-educated has risen over time. Using a simple supply and demand model applied to UK data that defines graduate jobs in terms of the proportion of graduates and/or the graduate earnings markup within occupations, we find that the employment of graduates in non-graduate jobs has declined over time. Hence, there is no evidence of an over-production of graduates in the UK.
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Authors: Grazier, Suzanne; O'Leary, Nigel C.; Sloane, Peter J.

Corporate authors: Institute for the Study of Labour (Germany) (IZA)

Date: 2008

Geographic subjects: Europe; Great Britain

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: IZA discussion paper

Subjects: Outcomes; Employment; Income ... [+] Show more
National student fee and support systems in European higher education 2015/16

This annual report shows how fee and support systems (including grants and loans) work in higher education in Europ ... Show more
This annual report shows how fee and support systems (including grants and loans) work in higher education in Europe. In addition to providing a comparative overview of fees and financial support available for full-time students in 2015/16, it also includes individual country sheets outlining the main elements of national systems. In particular, the publication describes the range of fees charged to students and specifies which categories of students are required to pay, and which may be exempt. Similarly it explains the levels of public support available in the form of grants and loans, as well as tax benefits and family allowances where applicable. The report focuses on fees and support in public or government-dependent private higher education institutions for the first (Bachelor level) and second (Master level) cycles and does not cover private higher education institutions. Information covers the 28 [European Union] EU Member States as well as Bosnia and Herzegovina, Switzerland, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Montenegro, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Norway, Serbia and Turkey.
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Corporate authors: European Commission (EC) ... [+] Show more

Date: 2015

Geographic subjects: Europe; Austria; Belgium ... [+] Show more for Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina; Republic">Czech Republic; Britain">Great Britain; Ireland">Northern Ireland; Liechtenstein; for Macedonia (Republic)">Macedonia (Republic); Macedonia">North Macedonia; [-] Show less

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: Eurydice: facts and figures

Subjects: Higher education; Finance; Governance
Apprenticeship training and the business cycle

Dual apprenticeship training is a market-driven form of education at the upper secondary level, taking place in fir ... Show more
Dual apprenticeship training is a market-driven form of education at the upper secondary level, taking place in firms as well as in vocational schools. So far, little is known about the impact of the business cycle on the number of apprenticeship programs offered by firms. Using panel-data of Swiss cantons from 1988-2004, we find that the influence of the business cycle is statistically significant, but small in size. Instead, supply of apprenticeship programs is driven to a much greater extent by demographic change. Conversely, the number of first-year high school students is not affected by the business cycle. We find, however, that enrollment increases if the population at age 16 grows, but access to high schools does not become more restricted in times of negative growth.
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Authors: Muehlemann, Samuel; Wolter, Stefan C.; Wuest, Adrian

Corporate authors: Institute for the Study of Labour (Germany) (IZA)

Date: 2009

Geographic subjects: Switzerland; Europe

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: IZA discussion paper

Subjects: Apprenticeship; Secondary education; Vocational education and training ... [+] Show more
Skill-biased transition: the role of markets, institutions, and technological change

This study attempts to explain why the transition to a market economy is skill-biased. It shows unequivocal evidenc ... Show more
This study attempts to explain why the transition to a market economy is skill-biased. It shows unequivocal evidence on increased skill wage premium and supply of skills in transition economies. It examines whether similar skill-favouring shifts in the Russian and US economies are driven by the same set of factors. [The] analysis elaborates on the model of alternative theories of the increased wage skill premium and then evaluates three main hypotheses: skill-biased technological change, the market adjustment hypothesis, and the institutional factor hypothesis. To test these hypotheses, the study uses unique linked employer-employee data that spans the 16 years of the Soviet and transition periods in Russia (1985-2000), with a special emphasis on data quality, measurement errors, and retrospective biases. The main conclusion is that there is no uni-causal and time-invariant explanation for skill-biased changes in wages and employment in the Russian economy. The increased skill wage premium has been driven mainly by institutional factors during the early period and by productivity and technological change during the late transition period, and reinforced by market adjustment of wage ratio to the true differences in labour productivity.
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Authors: Peter, Klara Sabirianova

Corporate authors: Institute for the Study of Labour (Germany) (IZA)

Date: 2003

Geographic subjects: Europe; Russia

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: IZA discussion paper

Subjects: Outcomes; Technology; Skills and knowledge ... [+] Show more
Employer learning and the returns to schooling

We examine the dynamic role of education and experience as determinants of wages. It is hypothesised that an employ ... Show more
We examine the dynamic role of education and experience as determinants of wages. It is hypothesised that an employee’s education is an important signal to the employer initially. Over time, the returns to schooling should decrease with labour market experience and increase with initially unobserved ability, since the employer gradually obtains better information on the productivity of an employee. Replicating US studies using data from a large German panel data set (GSOEP), we find no evidence for the employer learning hypothesis for Germany. Differentiating blue-collar and white-collar workers and estimating quantile regressions, however, leads to the conclusion that employer learning takes place for blue-collar workers at the lower end of the wage distribution. We further show, that information on the productivity of an employee is to a large extend private.
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Authors: Bauer, Thomas K.; Haisken-DeNew, John P.

Corporate authors: Institute for the Study of Labour (Germany) (IZA)

Date: 2000

Geographic subjects: Europe; Germany

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: IZA discussion paper

Subjects: Outcomes; Income; Research ... [+] Show more
Rejecting capital-skill complementarity at all costs

Any serious empirical study of factor substitutability has to allow the data to display complementarity as well as ... Show more
Any serious empirical study of factor substitutability has to allow the data to display complementarity as well as substitutability. The standard approach reflecting this idea is a translog specification - this is also the approach used by numerous studies analysing the relative capital-skill complementarity hypothesis formulated by Griliches (1969). According to this hypothesis, the degree of substitutability between skilled labour and capital is lower than that for unskilled labour and capital. Yet, the results of empirical studies investigating this hypothesis are controversial. This paper offers a straightforward explanation: using a translog approach reduces the issue of factor substitutability or complementarity to a question of cost shares. Our review of translog studies mentioned in Hamermesh’s (1993) summary on the demand for heterogeneous labour demonstrates that this argument is empirically relevant - all these studies can be reconciled with each other on the basis of the cost-share argument.
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Authors: Frondel, Manuel; Schmidt, Christoph M.

Corporate authors: Institute for the Study of Labour (Germany) (IZA)

Date: 2001

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: IZA discussion paper

Subjects: Finance; Employment; Labour market ... [+] Show more
Report of the consultation process on the memorandum of lifelong learning in Lithuania

Following the publication of ‘A memorandum of lifelong learning’ (indexed at TD/IRD 88.400) in October 2000, the Eu ... Show more
Following the publication of ‘A memorandum of lifelong learning’ (indexed at TD/IRD 88.400) in October 2000, the European Commission invited Member States to launch a consultation process to collect together all views on how best to make progress in implementing lifelong learning. Feedback from the Europe-wide consultation was then used to develop the analysis and proposals in the Communication on ‘Making a European area of lifelong learning a reality’ (indexed at TD/IRD 88.264). National reports were submitted by each Member State as well as by candidate countries and Iceland and Norway. This document is the national report from Lithuania. It outlines the consultation process, discusses the six key messages in the Memorandum, makes suggestions for developing a consequent strategy for lifelong learning and for action at the European level, lists the indicators used for monitoring the Lithuanian education system and concludes that the consultation process encouraged and strengthened cooperation between different institutions and other partners involved in human resource development and lifelong learning.
Documents from ‘Making a European area of lifelong learning a reality’ are indexed from TD/TNC 77.521 to TD/TNC 77.539. Show less

Authors: Beksta, Arunas; Dienys, Vincentas

Corporate authors: Lithuania. Ministry of Education and Science ... [+] Show more

Date: 2001

Geographic subjects: Europe; Lithuania

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: Making a European area of lifelong learning a reality

Subjects: Technology; Lifelong learning; Innovation ... [+] Show more
Entrepreneurship and market size: the case of young college graduates in Italy

We analyze empirically the effects of urban agglomeration on Italian college graduates' work possibilities as entre ... Show more
We analyze empirically the effects of urban agglomeration on Italian college graduates' work possibilities as entrepreneurs three years after graduation. We find that each 100,000 inhabitant-increase in the size of the individual's province of work reduces the chances of being an entrepreneur by 0.2-0.3 per cent. This result holds after controlling for regional fixed effects and is robust to instrumenting urbanization. Province's competition, urban amenities and dis-amenities, cost of labor, earning differentials between employees and self-employed workers, unemployment rates and value added per capita account for 40 per cent of the negative urbanization penalty. Our result cannot be explained by the presence of negative large-city differentials in returns to education either. In fact, as long as they succeed in entering the largest markets, young entrepreneurs are able to reap-off the benefits of urbanization externalities: every 100,000-inhabitant increase in the province's population raises entrepreneurs' net monthly income by 0.2-0.3 per cent.
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Authors: Di Addario, Sabrina; Vuri, Daniela

Corporate authors: Institute for the Study of Labour (Germany) (IZA)

Date: 2010

Geographic subjects: Italy; Europe

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: IZA discussion paper

Subjects: Students; Employment; Demographics ... [+] Show more
Long-term impact of youth minimum wages: evidence from two decades of individual longitudinal data

This paper quantifies the long-run impact of exposure to youth minimum wages and sheds light on its mechanisms. It ... Show more
This paper quantifies the long-run impact of exposure to youth minimum wages and sheds light on its mechanisms. It uses remarkable longitudinal data spanning for twenty years and explores legislative changes that define groups of teenagers exposed for different durations. After controlling for the contemporaneous impact of the minimum wage, its long-run impact translates into: an overall wage premium, consistent with an upgrading in the quality of jobs offered; a flatter tenure-earnings profile, consistent with lower initial investment in firm-specific training. Interestingly, the overall wage premium increases with exposure and the tenure-earnings profile is flatter the longer the exposure.
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Authors: Cardoso, Ana Rute

Corporate authors: Institute for the Study of Labour (Germany) (IZA)

Date: 2009

Geographic subjects: Portugal; Europe

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: IZA discussion paper

Subjects: Youth; Statistics; Income ... [+] Show more