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Improving education, skills and employment in tourism: Almaty-Bishkek Economic Corridor

This report measures the skills gap among tourism industry workers and the resulting opportunity costs along the Al ... Show more
This report measures the skills gap among tourism industry workers and the resulting opportunity costs along the Almaty-Bishkek Economic Corridor (ABEC) in Central Asia. The ABEC is the pilot economic corridor under the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) Program, a partnership of 11 member countries and development partners working together to promote development through cooperation, leading to accelerated economic growth and poverty reduction. The motivation for ABEC is that Almaty (Kazakhstan) and Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan) can achieve far more together than either can achieve alone. The historic Silk Route, mountain ranges, and Lake Issyk-Kul represent a wealth of culture and nature resulting in a high potential for tourism.
The skills gap analysis identifies an annual lack of about 8,500 trained professionals in the tourism industry along the region which is causing opportunity costs of more than $30 million per year. To address this binding constraint for tourism development in ABEC, the authors suggest a long-term twinning-project with an internationally renowned tourism education center of excellence. Reference is made in this report to the European Region Tyrol, South Tyrol, and Trentino - an alpine tourist region spanning across Austria and Italy. The essence of this approach is to ensure solid practical skilling in basic tourism occupations in combination with higher level specializations such as eco-, adventure, or nomadic tourism.
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Authors: Mayr, Fabian Patrick; Gimranova, Dilbar

Date: 2019

Geographic subjects: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Asia ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Subjects: Skills and knowledge; Industry; Workforce development ... [+] Show more
Demographic shift and projected labour shortage in China

As a result of China's family planning policy of 'raising population quality and controlling population size' initi ... Show more
As a result of China's family planning policy of 'raising population quality and controlling population size' initiated in the late 1970s, China has accomplished a population transition from high birth rate, low mortality rate and high population growth to low birth rate, low mortality rate and low population growth within a remarkably short timeframe. Along with this population transition, however, comes a shift in population age structure, with a rapid increase in the proportion of elderly people. This paper explores the implications of China's demographic shift for labour supply and suggests policy changes to target an emerging labour shortage.
Published abstract. Show less

Authors: Nielsen, Ingrid; Fang, Cai

Date: 2007

Geographic subjects: China; Asia

Resource type: Article

Journal title: Economic papers: a journal of applied economics and policy

Subjects: Labour market; Demographics; Employment ... [+] Show more
Focus on skilled migration

Skilled migration is one of the policy levers available to governments to address workforce shortages in the econom ... Show more
Skilled migration is one of the policy levers available to governments to address workforce shortages in the economy. This issue of Focus on explores how skilled migration is utilised by governments globally to address skill and labour shortages; how effective policies and procedures that recognise and validate qualifications and credentials gained overseas can facilitate the integration of skilled migrants and refugees in destination labour markets; and the impact the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has had on skilled migration around the world.
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Corporate authors: National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER)

Date: 2021

Geographic subjects: Australia; Oceania; China ... [+] Show more Britain">Great Britain; States">United States; America">North America; [-] Show less

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: VOCEDplus Focus on series

Subjects: Skills and knowledge; Migration; Labour market ... [+] Show more
Skilled workforce in ASEAN region: issues, challenges, and way forward

Southeast Asia is one of the most dynamic and fastest growing regions in the world. With a total of 646 million peo ... Show more
Southeast Asia is one of the most dynamic and fastest growing regions in the world. With a total of 646 million people and a wealth of natural resources, the region has an expanding middle class as well as a young, dynamic and increasingly well-educated population. Nevertheless, within the region, many workers are still engaged in informal employment, frequently for long hours, without reliable income and social protection coverage. The region, especially the [Association of Southeast Asian Nations] ASEAN-5 countries (Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, and the Philippines), lacks industry-ready skilled workers, despite its vibrant demography. Brunei has difficulties in equipping its labour force with the necessary research and development skills, while CLMV (Cambodia, Lao, Myanmar and Vietnam) economies broadly lack coherent technical education, necessary for industrial development.
ASEAN's renewed commitment in enhancing the quality of its human resources, recently expressed in the ASEAN Declaration on Human Resources Development for The Changing World of Work, highlights the importance of skill development through various modes (formal, non-formal, and informal learning) as an integral part of lifelong learning. This paper provides background regarding the current state of the workforce in ASEAN, including issues and challenges as well as the regional and national initiatives implemented in response. The paper also offers recommendations, especially related to human resources development through [technical and vocational education and training] TVET, as means of addressing the existing employment issues.
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Authors: Paryono

Date: 2022

Geographic subjects: Asia; Brunei; Cambodia ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Subjects: Skills and knowledge; Vocational education and training; Labour market ... [+] Show more
Evidence of skills shortages and general trends in employment and the value of better labour market information systems

Labour shortages or mismatches are a major factor inhibiting investment and economic development across [Asia-Pacif ... Show more
Labour shortages or mismatches are a major factor inhibiting investment and economic development across [Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation] APEC. In order to establish an appropriate regional response to the supply of skilled labour it is necessary to adopt a comprehensive strategy for monitoring labour force demand and supply across the APEC region. This report outlines the reasoning.
Abstract from publisher's website. Show less

Authors: Iredale, Robyn; Toner, Phillip; Turpin, Tim; Fernandez-Esquinas, Manuel

Date: 2014

Geographic subjects: Asia; Oceania; North America ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Subjects: Labour market; Skills and knowledge; Employment ... [+] Show more
The employment of Turkish second generation women in Europe in comparative perspective

Over the next 50 years, population aging will contribute to a dramatic decline in the European working age populati ... Show more
Over the next 50 years, population aging will contribute to a dramatic decline in the European working age population. One important question for policy makers is to what extent an increase in labour force participation of migrants, their descendants, and women can compensate for the decline in labour supply. Thus it is relevant to know more about the factors which can encourage participation of these groups. In this report [the authors] examine the employment of second generation (children of immigrants) Turkish and young adult women from the majority population. [The authors] focus on the Turkish group since it is the largest single origin country group who also settled in different European countries allowing for examining differences among the second generation across countries of residence by using unique data allowing for this for the first time.
This report covers four European countries (Germany, the Netherlands, France, and Sweden) in which the largest share of the total Turkish population in Europe live. [The authors] give special attention to the effect of motherhood on employment. [The] findings show that policy and institutions matter for the employment of all women in society, irrespective of migrant origin. Still, levels of employment are lower for the Turkish second generation compared to women from the majority group in all countries. Being a mother has a negative impact on employment, but [the authors] do not find this association to vary by origin. Furthermore [the authors] find clear differences across the countries studied but again these differences are similar for women of the majority population and those of Turkish origin. Although [the authors] are unable to pinpoint the exact policies and institutional arrangements it seems to be the case that these are related to policies across the life course starting from educational to family policies. Findings make clear that policymakers must give special attention to the unique economic position and potential of women in general and the growing share of children of immigrants among them, whose employment behaviours will be essential to bolstering the European labour force in the future.
Published abstract. Show less

Authors: Holland, Jennifer A.; Valk, Helga A. G. De

Date: 2013

Geographic subjects: Europe; Turkey; Asia ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: Neujobs working paper

Subjects: Gender; Employment; Demographics ... [+] Show more
The impact of the Great East Japan Earthquake on the labor market: need to resolve the employment mismatch in the disaster-stricken areas

This paper analyses the impact of the Great East Japan Earthquake on population movements and employment situation, ... Show more
This paper analyses the impact of the Great East Japan Earthquake on population movements and employment situation, mainly in the three disaster-stricken prefectures (Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima Prefectures). As for population movements, emigration from the disaster-stricken areas has increased since the earthquake. In Fukushima Prefecture in particular, the number of young emigrants rose rapidly due to the impact of the accident at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station. The employment situation, as measured by the status of job offers and applications, in the three disaster-stricken prefectures, appears on the surface to be improving, as the number of new job offers is growing as a result of an increase in offers related to post-earthquake reconstruction and a recovery in production in the manufacturing industry. However, in fact, the employment situation remains severe, with the number of applicants for employment insurance benefits growing by around 40 per cent in the 10 months from the earthquake compared with the same period of the previous year. The earthquake has not had a significant impact on employment on a nationwide basis. However, in the three disaster-stricken prefectures, it has affected seriously through a mismatch between job offers and applicants. It is thus an urgent task to take measures to resolve the mismatch.
Published abstract. Show less

Authors: Higuchi, Yoshio; Inui, Tomohiko; Hosoi, Toshiaki; Takabe, Isao ... [+] Show more

Date: 2012

Geographic subjects: Japan; Asia

Resource type: Article

Journal title: Japan labor review

Subjects: Labour market; Employment; Migration ... [+] Show more
Skills and labour markets in transition: a tourism skills inventory of Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia and Uzbekistan

The transition economies of Eastern Europe, Central and East Asia face major challenges as they seek to compete wit ... Show more
The transition economies of Eastern Europe, Central and East Asia face major challenges as they seek to compete within an increasingly globalised economy. For many of them, tourism is seen as providing one of the key areas of economic opportunity. This is certainly true of the three Asian countries considered in this paper, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia and Uzbekistan. Within any economy seeking to operate competitively in the international tourism marketplace, the appropriate human resources, especially the skills, to deliver products and services of appropriate quality, are essential.
This paper reports a labour market and skills study of the three Asian countries, based on two surveys of the accommodation and wider tourism sub-sectors. It identifies the key structural features of these tourism labour markets and addresses current and predicted skills shortages with respect to each of them. The paper draws conclusions with respect to the key issues facing tourism in the three countries, specifically in terms of their labour markets and skills requirements.
Published abstract reprinted by permission of the copyright owner. Show less

Authors: Baum, Tom; Thompson, Karen

Date: 2007

Geographic subjects: Asia; Central Asia; Kyrgyzstan ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Article

Journal title: Asia Pacific journal of human resources

Subjects: Employment; Industry; Skills and knowledge ... [+] Show more
Gender and the total work of older workers in Asia

In Asia, aging countries with slow population growth worry about a lack of workers in the future and see older peop ... Show more
In Asia, aging countries with slow population growth worry about a lack of workers in the future and see older people's labor as a potential solution. However, this leaves out the work that many older people already do-unpaid care work. Drawing on data from Bangladesh, India, Mongolia, and Thailand, the estimates in this paper show that older people, especially older women, are doing a great deal of work caring for others. In this case, policies that aim to increase overall market labor force effort by increasing the market labor of older people may underachieve their goals if they do not account for the older people's unpaid care work responsibilities. Finally, we use the estimates of the older people's unpaid care work to think about investments in the paid care economy that might be needed to replace unpaid care work of the older people if they increase labor market effort but not total work. These simple calculations indicate that the scale of investment required is manageable.
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Authors: Donehower, Gretchen

Date: 2023

Geographic subjects: Asia; Bangladesh; India ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: ADB economics working paper

Subjects: Gender; Participation; Equity ... [+] Show more
Rural women's transitions in and out of employment in India since COVID-19

This brief discusses the transitions of rural women in and out of employment since the start of the global pandemic ... Show more
This brief discusses the transitions of rural women in and out of employment since the start of the global pandemic in response to changes in the household due to the [Coronavirus Disease 2019] COVID-19 crisis. We postulate that these household changes, i.e. loss of employment by other household members, increase in household size, and increase in unpaid care work, affected women's exit and entry into employment. The key findings highlight the complex coping strategies at the household level where women's work - paid and unpaid - plays a critical role. This brief summarizes the paper Barcia de Mattos, Fernanda; Dasgupta, Sukti; Esquivel, Valeria; and Ghani, Sajid (2023), 'Push and pull factors and women's rural employment in India since COVID-19,' Review of agrarian studies, vol. 12, no. 2.
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Authors: Barcia de Mattos, Fernanda; Dasgupta, Sukti; Esquivel, Valeria; Ghani, Sajid

Date: 2023

Geographic subjects: India; Asia

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: Background paper series of the Joint EU-ILO Project Building Partnerships on the Future of Work

Subjects: Gender; Employment; Demographics ... [+] Show more