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The potential of skills development and recognition for regulated labour mobility in the IGAD Region: a scoping study covering Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, and Uganda

Qualifications operate as a form of currency and facilitate trade in skills in the labour markets. Lack of trusted ... Show more
Qualifications operate as a form of currency and facilitate trade in skills in the labour markets. Lack of trusted third-party information about their skills often forces jobseekers to engage in the labour market at a huge disadvantage. This is particularly true for migrants - and even more so for refugees - who are often at a severe disadvantage when it comes to their ability to provide evidence of their qualification. In this context, recognition systems play an important part in generating information about people's skills that enables them to participate in the labour market in ways that allow them to be equitably rewarded for the skills they possess and contribute to the development of the country.
Drawing on substantial work of the International Labour Organization (ILO), the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) and other actors in this area, this report examines potential role of skills development and skills recognition for supporting and extending the impact of a regional system of regulated labour mobility within and between IGAD Member States. It contains seven country chapters, which include a brief overview of the geographical and political factors that have a direct influence on each country's ability to provide skills development opportunities, not only to its own citizens, but also migrants and refugees, particularly through Technical and Vocational Education Training (TVET). It also provides an overview of the systems and processes in place to develop and recognize the skills of citizens and non-citizens and an overview of the skills dimensions of national labour markets.
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Authors: Keevy, James; Paterson, Andrew; Boka, Kedibone; Rasool, Hoosen

Date: 2020

Geographic subjects: Africa; Djibouti; Ethiopia ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Subjects: Migration; Disadvantaged; Labour market ... [+] Show more
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Refugees' right to work and access to labor markets: an assessment

For refugees, the right to work is vital for reducing vulnerability, enhancing resilience, and securing dignity. Ha ... Show more
For refugees, the right to work is vital for reducing vulnerability, enhancing resilience, and securing dignity. Harnessing refugees' skills can also benefit local economic activity and national development. But there are many obstacles. Based on a sample of 20 countries hosting 70 per cent of the world's refugees, this study investigates the role and impact of legal and normative provisions providing and protecting refugees' right to work within the 1951 Refugee Convention as well as from the perspective of non-signatory states. Three metrics analyze the principle determinants of the right to work and labor market access: refugee and employment law, policies and practices that facilitate or constrain the right to work, and mediating socioeconomic conditions.
Overall the study finds remarkable diversity in legal provisions and constraints on refugees' right to work. A restrictive approach to the right to work prevails, and most states are reluctant to ease these restrictions. The majority of refugees work in the informal sector, but under much less satisfactory and more exploitative conditions compared with nationals. Informal labor markets are also constrained in countries with fragile economies which often host large numbers of refugees. Based on its findings, the study concludes that more national and international coordination is required, multiple actors should share in the responsibility to deliver decent work, labor market policies as well as training and education should be harnessed to support sustainable livelihoods, and refugee social capital should be more effectively engaged.
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Authors: Zetter, Roger; Ruaudel, Heloise

Date: 2016

Geographic subjects: Bangladesh;

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: KNOMAD working paper and study series

Subjects: Employment; Labour market; Migration ... [+] Show more
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Higher education and employment: the IIEP experience in five less developed countries

Some of the issues that this [report] deals with are: How does wage structure vary between sectors of employment an ... Show more
Some of the issues that this [report] deals with are: How does wage structure vary between sectors of employment and between specializations? What is the degree of mismatch between expectations and realities in respect of the reward system of the labour market? How does the phenomenon of unemployment vary from course to course and from level to level? What role do credentials play in finding a job? To what extent do the institutions of education help the students in the process of transition from school to work? What factors control the demand for higher education? What is the role of education in improving the quality of the labour force? These are some of the questions that the authors have attempted to answer, on the basis of empirical evidence derived from the [International Institute for Educational Planning IIEP research project on higher education and employment.
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Authors: Psacharopoulos, George; Sanyal, Bikas C.

Date: 1981

Geographic subjects: Africa; Egypt; Sudan ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: Fundamentals of educational planning

Subjects: Higher education; Employment; Economics ... [+] Show more
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Understanding the labour market of human resources for health in Sudan

Universal health coverage depends on having the necessary human resources to deliver health care services. Sudan is ... Show more
Universal health coverage depends on having the necessary human resources to deliver health care services. Sudan is among the African countries currently experiencing a crisis in the area of human resources for health (HRH). The major causes of the crisis include migration and maldistribution of the health workforce. The imbalance between the number [of] graduates of medical and health care trainings institutes and the actual number of graduates which enter the health labour market is alarming. The lack of jobs in both the public and the private sector, together with the challenges of retaining health workers in the country, and ensuring an appropriate distribution throughout the country and in rural and urban areas, means that many facilities lack an appropriate health workforce. Low salaries and unfavourable working conditions have an effect on health workers' daily activities. This document provides an overview of the HRH labour market in Sudan, highlighting the importance of a comprehensive approach to understanding the driving forces that affect the supply and demand for health workers, in order to provide a basis for developing effective HRH polices that can contribute to progress towards universal health coverage.
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Authors: Abu-Agla, Ayat; Yousif, Nour; Badr, Elsheikh

Date: 2013

Geographic subjects: Sudan; Africa

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: Understanding the labour market of human resources for health

Subjects: Industry; Labour market; Employment ... [+] Show more
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Bridging the divide: connecting training to jobs in post-conflict settings

Vocational training is often viewed by international organisations as a general solution to securing jobs for ex-co ... Show more
Vocational training is often viewed by international organisations as a general solution to securing jobs for ex-combatants in the aftermath of war. However, ex-combatants are frequently unable to get a job following their training. This report documents a mismatch between vocational training and jobs for ex-combatants in Afghanistan, Angola, Colombia, Haiti, the Philippines, Sierra Leone, South Sudan and Uganda. These vocational training-jobs mismatches are pressing concerns because there is evidence to indicate that unemployed ex-combatants can increase the likelihood of a return to violence in postconflict settings. This report demonstrates the importance of: conducting research on local labour markets and consumer demand before programme design and implementation; securing buy-in from ex-combatants, communities and political leaders; making certain that ex-combatants receive high quality and market-relevant training; monitoring, evaluating and following up on ex-combatants after training; budgeting for retraining, employment referral and business start-up support; training female ex-combatants and ex-combatants with physical disabilities to access mainstream employment opportunities; and attending to ex-combatants’ mental health problems. The Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ, now GIZ) implemented a vocational training and job creation programme for ex-combatants in Aceh, Indonesia, from 2006 to 2009, which is highlighted as a case study in this report. The programme demonstrated how most of these factors can be addressed through partnering with other organisations, and succeeded in getting ex-combatants jobs after training as a result. Economic reintegration for ex-combatants in post-conflict settings is expensive and chronically under-funded. Increased funding should therefore be made available to support international organisations in their efforts to train and secure jobs for ex-combatants. This increase in funding should be accompanied by the incorporation of the factors laid out above into programme budgets, making implementers directly accountable for those factors which are driving a mismatch between vocational training and jobs for ex-combatants. Show less

Authors: McKibben, Gareth

Date: 2011

Geographic subjects: Afghanistan; Angola; Colombia ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Subjects: Vocational education and training; Economics; Outcomes ... [+] Show more
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From college to work: the case of the Sudan

[This report examines] the development of higher education in quantitative terms with special emphasis on growth by ... Show more
[This report examines] the development of higher education in quantitative terms with special emphasis on growth by discipline, region, sex, the educational context preparing for higher education, how the higher education system functions, and finally how the labour market reacts vis-a-vis graduate employment. [It] examines the factors determining the social demand for higher education, career guidance facilities available and how effective they are in smoothing the transition from education to work, how training offered in institutions of higher education is utilized on the job, and the extent to which students expectations are met.
Edited excerpts from publisher's website. Show less

Authors: Sanyal, Bikas C.; Yaici, L.; Mallasi, I.

Date: 1987

Geographic subjects: Sudan; Africa

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Subjects: Employment; Higher education; Labour market ... [+] Show more
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Focus on skilled migration

Skilled migration is one of the policy levers available to governments to address workforce shortages in the econom ... Show more
Skilled migration is one of the policy levers available to governments to address workforce shortages in the economy. This issue of Focus on explores how skilled migration is utilised by governments globally to address skill and labour shortages; how effective policies and procedures that recognise and validate qualifications and credentials gained overseas can facilitate the integration of skilled migrants and refugees in destination labour markets; and the impact the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has had on skilled migration around the world.
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Corporate authors: National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER)

Date: 2021

Geographic subjects: Australia; Oceania; China ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: VOCEDplus Focus on series

Subjects: Skills and knowledge; Migration; Labour market ... [+] Show more
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Health labour market policies in support of universal health coverage: a comprehensive analysis in four African countries

Background: Progress toward universal health coverage in many low- and middle-income countries is hindered by the l ... Show more
Background: Progress toward universal health coverage in many low- and middle-income countries is hindered by the lack of an adequate health workforce that can deliver quality services accessible to the entire population. Methods: We used a health labour market framework to investigate the key indicators of the dynamics of the health labour market in Cameroon, Kenya, Sudan, and Zambia, and identified the main policies implemented in these countries in the past ten years to address shortages and maldistribution of health workers.
Results: Despite increased availability of health workers in the four countries, major shortages and maldistribution persist. Several factors aggravate these problems, including migration, an aging workforce, and imbalances in skill mix composition. Conclusions: In this paper, we provide new evidence to inform decision-making for health workforce planning and analysis in low- and middle-income countries. Partial health workforce policies are not sufficient to address these issues. It is crucial to perform a comprehensive analysis in order to understand the dynamics of the health labour market and develop effective polices to address health workforce shortages and maldistribution as part of efforts to attain universal health coverage.
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Authors: Sousa, Angelica; Scheffler, Richard; Koyi, Grayson; Ngah Ngah, Symplice ... [+] Show more

Date: 2014

Geographic subjects: Cameroon; Kenya; Sudan ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Article

Journal title: Human resources for health

Subjects: Industry; Labour market; Employment ... [+] Show more

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