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Labour outcomes and family background: evidence from the EU during the Recession

Using [European Union-Statistics on Income and Living Conditions] EU-SILC data for 2005 and 2011, we compare the ro ... Show more
Using [European Union-Statistics on Income and Living Conditions] EU-SILC data for 2005 and 2011, we compare the role of family background on labour outcomes in three EU countries [Spain, Italy and Poland] that experienced large swings in unemployment during this period. We use a multidimensional family background indicator that avoids undesirable cohort effects. Our results suggest that family background affects employment prospects and job quality (hourly wages and contract insecurity), and that human capital formation explains a significant part (but not all) of the family background effects. There is significant cross-national variation in the extent to which human capital can explain the effects of family background. Finally, we do not find any evidence that the effect of family background is substantially moderated by the economic cycle in any of our countries.
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Authors: Avram, Silvia; Canto, Olga

Date: 2017

Geographic subjects: Europe; Spain; Italy ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: ISER working paper series

Subjects: Employment; Labour market
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Young people and migration from contemporary Poland

Young Polish migrants to the UK are often portrayed as being highly educated and mobile: willing nomads who are pri ... Show more
Young Polish migrants to the UK are often portrayed as being highly educated and mobile: willing nomads who are privileged to be able to take advantage of new opportunities for travel and work abroad offered by European Union membership. However, there are also less well-educated young people who adopt migration as a livelihood strategy in contemporary Poland. For many, the desire to experience life abroad combines with a sense of being 'forced' to leave localities where the transition to a market economy has resulted in a contraction of employment opportunities and where parents are unable to finance their children's higher education. My article explores why young people try to migrate to Britain, arguing that unemployment and low wages are important push factors. It is true that migration is also a response to new opportunities, particularly access to social networks. However, not everyone enjoys access to these. In addition, young migrants are to some extent constrained by the migration culture in their local areas, for example, regarding gender roles, although they can also help to shape that culture. The article is based on 115 interviews with women in England and Poland in 2006-2009, as well as a survey of public opinion in Poland's highest migration region.
Published abstract reprinted by permission of the copyright owner. Show less

Authors: White, Anne

Date: 2010

Geographic subjects: Great Britain; England; Europe ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Article

Journal title: Journal of youth studies

Subjects: Migration; Employment; Youth ... [+] Show more
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Dual apprenticeship and continuous vocational training of German family businesses in Central and Eastern Europe: commitment, motives and trends

The [vocational education and training] VET efforts of large family business in Germany on the one hand, and the ri ... Show more
The [vocational education and training] VET efforts of large family business in Germany on the one hand, and the risk of the shortage of skilled workers for internationally active German businesses on the other, this paper looks at the involvement of German family businesses in vocational education and training in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). More specifically, it explores the potential and opportunities of initial and continuing vocational education and training in Central and Eastern European countries of major significance to the German economy, sets out the obstacles that exist and examines where action is needed. The study focuses on industrial and technical occupations, since a significant portion of German family businesses in CEE are industrial companies with a particular need for personnel in this field. The economic importance of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) to Germany and German businesses can be seen, for example, from figures on trade intensity or the ranking of trading partners in foreign trade. Germany's imports from Poland (ranked 4th), for instance, today exceed those from Italy (5th) or France (6th). Our analysis includes seven countries: Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Slovakia and Serbia. Between them, these countries are home to no fewer than 4,442 branches of German businesses, employing over 1.4 million people. This indicates the considerable potential for German businesses in the region. The potential, opportunities, obstacles and the need for action that we have identified in this study result from the particular local contexts in Central and Eastern European countries, contexts that differ considerably from country to country. While a high degree of similarity between the countries might initially be assumed, a closer examination reveals major national differences in the existing environments for vocational education and training. It was therefore necessary to begin by looking at each country's education and training system.
Published abstract.
The volume from which this paper is taken is available in VOCEDplus at TD/TNC 153.651. Show less

Authors: Gessler, Michael; Peters, Susanne

Conference name: Crossing Boundaries in Vocational Education and Training Conference

Date: 2023

Geographic subjects: Germany; Poland; Czech Republic ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Conference paper

Subjects: Vocational education and training; Apprenticeship; Labour market ... [+] Show more
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Skill based management: evidence from manufacturing firms

This paper investigates the link between management practices and workforce skills in manufacturing firms, exploiti ... Show more
This paper investigates the link between management practices and workforce skills in manufacturing firms, exploiting geographical variation in the supply of human capital. Skills measures are constructed using newly compiled data on universities and regional labour markets across 19 countries. Consistent with management practices being complementary with skills, we show that firms further away from universities employ fewer skilled workers and are worse managed, even after controlling for a rich set of observables and fixed effects. Analysis using regional skill premia suggests that variation in the price of skill drives these relationships.
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Authors: Feng, Andy; Valero, Anna

Date: 2019

Geographic subjects: Argentina; Australia; Brazil ... [+] Show more Britain">Great Britain; States">United States; Zealand">New Zealand; America">South America; America">North America; [-] Show less

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: Discussion paper (London School of Economics and Political Science. Centre for Economic Performance)

Subjects: Skills and knowledge; Labour market; Industry ... [+] Show more
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Satisfying labour demand through migration

This report summarises the main findings of the national reports for the [European Migration Network] EMN Study on ... Show more
This report summarises the main findings of the national reports for the [European Migration Network] EMN Study on Satisfying Labour Demand through Migration undertaken by EMN national contact points from 23 member states (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom). The overall purpose of this study was to identify those sectors experiencing shortages in the member states, to outline the national strategies for addressing labour market needs with third-country national migrant workers and to gain an understanding of the perceived effectiveness of these strategies, including examining the impact of the recent economic downturn and recovery on them. The study covers the period from 2004 up to the end of 2010 with statistics provided up to the end of 2009.
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Corporate authors: European Migration Network

Date: 2011

Geographic subjects: Austria; Belgium; Bulgaria ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Subjects: Migration; Labour market; Employment ... [+] Show more
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General education, vocational education, and labor-market outcomes over the life-cycle

Policy debates about the balance of vocational and general education programs focus on the school-to-work transitio ... Show more
Policy debates about the balance of vocational and general education programs focus on the school-to-work transition. But with rapid technological change, gains in youth employment from vocational education may be offset by less adaptability and thus diminished employment later in life. To test our main hypothesis that any relative labor-market advantage of vocational education decreases with age, we employ a difference-in-differences approach that compares employment rates across different ages for people with general and vocational education. Using micro data for 18 countries from the International Adult Literacy Survey, we find strong support for the existence of such a trade-off, which is most pronounced in countries emphasizing apprenticeship programs. Results are robust to accounting for ability patterns and to propensity-score matching.
Published abstract reprinted by permission of the copyright owner. Show less

Authors: Hanushek, Eric A.; Woessmann, Ludger; Zhang, Lei

Date: 2011

Geographic subjects: Belgium; Chile; Czech Republic ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: IZA discussion paper

Subjects: Outcomes; Vocational education and training; Teaching and learning ... [+] Show more
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Unemployment dynamics in central Europe: a labour flow approach

[The authors] analyse labour market flows and unemployment rate dynamics in the Czech Republic (CR), Slovakia and P ... Show more
[The authors] analyse labour market flows and unemployment rate dynamics in the Czech Republic (CR), Slovakia and Poland. Relative involvement of working-age individuals in movements between various labour market states appears to be approximately five times lower in Central Europe than in the US/UK. Compared to neighbouring countries, the CR suffers from a relatively weaker net flow of individuals from unemployment to employment. This net flow alone would cut the unemployment rate in Poland more than twice as fast as in the CR. In particular, currently unemployed Czech men, individuals with primary education, and the 55-65 age group are adversely affected by this national-specific feature of labour market flows.
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Authors: Flek, Vladislav; Mysikova, Martina

Date: 2015

Geographic subjects: Europe; Czech Republic; Poland ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Article

Journal title: Prague economic papers

Subjects: Labour market; Employment
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Experience and the returns to education and skill in OECD countries: evidence of employer learning?

Using the Survey of Adult Skills ([Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies] PIAAC), this p ... Show more
Using the Survey of Adult Skills ([Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies] PIAAC), this paper documents how the returns to education and skill change with experience for a sample of 22 OECD countries. It does this within the framework of the Altonji and Pierret (2001) employer learning model, and therefore also tests the relevance of this theory in a wide range of countries using comparable data and a consistent methodology. Significant heterogeneity is found in the experience profiles of the returns to education and skill across countries, and convincing evidence in support of the employer learning theory is only found in a sub-set of the countries analysed. While these countries vary significantly from one another in terms of their labour market institutions and educational systems, the analysis does seem to suggest that employer learning is most common in those countries where employment protection legislation on temporary contracts is weak. This is consistent with a model in which temporary contracts allow employers to test and learn about young workers, and give them the flexibility to adjust wages in line with observed productivity.
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Authors: Broecke, Stijn

Date: 2015

Geographic subjects: Asia; Japan; Korea ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Article

Journal title: OECD journal: economic studies

Subjects: Outcomes; Skills and knowledge; Workforce development ... [+] Show more
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VET in Europe: country reports 2013

These 25 reports are a product of the VET in Europe project and review vocational education and training (VET) syst ... Show more
These 25 reports are a product of the VET in Europe project and review vocational education and training (VET) systems in Member States, Iceland and Norway. They are prepared and updated by ReferNet, according to a common structure provided by Cedefop. The reports are of value for understanding national VET systems, their characteristics, developments and priorities.
Edited excerpt from publisher's website. Show less

Corporate authors: ReferNet (Organisation)

Date: 2013

Geographic subjects: Europe; Belgium; Bulgaria ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Country information

Series name: VET in Europe country reports

Subjects: Vocational education and training; Demographics; Governance ... [+] Show more
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Youth labor markets in 23 countries: a comparison using micro data

The aim of this chapter is to provide a snapshot of the working lives of young people from a group of highly dispar ... Show more
The aim of this chapter is to provide a snapshot of the working lives of young people from a group of highly disparate countries. It looks at whether any common patterns emerge from the data collected during the last few years in the participating countries, and whether there are systematic patterns in the data that distinguish the young from older cohorts. As a starting point, it lays out how youths differ across countries in their labour market experience using internationally comparable micro data on individuals. Attitudinal responses to such topics as: level of happiness; the value of work; and the appropriate roles of trade unions and governments are also discussed.
The complete volume from which this chapter is indexed may be found at TD/TNC 64.16. Individual chapters are indexed from TD/TNC 64.18 to TD/TNC 64.32. Show less

Authors: Blanchflower, David G.

Date: 1998

Geographic subjects: Middle East; Oceania; North America ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Book chapter

Subjects: Youth; Labour market; Research ... [+] Show more

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