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Skill acquisition in the informal economy and schooling decisions: evidence from emerging economies

Informal jobs offer skill acquisition opportunities that may facilitate a future switch to formal employment for yo ... Show more
Informal jobs offer skill acquisition opportunities that may facilitate a future switch to formal employment for young workers. In this sense, informal training on the job may be a viable alternative to formal schooling in an economy with a large and diverse informal sector. In this paper, [the author investigates] if these considerations are relevant for the schooling decisions of young individuals using panel data on 17 Latin American countries as well as micro-level data for Turkey. Specifically, [the author asks] if the prevalence of informal jobs distort schooling attainment. [The author concentrates] on three measures of schooling outcomes: (1) secondary education enrollment rate, (2) out-of-school rate for lower secondary school, and (3) tertiary education graduation rate. [The author finds] that the secondary education enrollment rate is negatively correlated with the size of the informal economy, while the out-of-school rate is positively correlated. This means that informal training on the job may be crowding out school education in developing countries. The tertiary education graduation rate, however, is positively correlated with the size of the informal sector, which implies that a large informal economy induces college attendance for those who are more likely to succeed. Policies that can potentially affect the size of the informal sector should take into consideration these second-round effects on aggregate schooling outcomes.
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Authors: Tumen, Semih

Date: 2015

Geographic subjects: Turkey; Asia; Argentina ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: MPRA paper

Subjects: Skills and knowledge; Economics; Employment ... [+] Show more
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W4Y country summaries

To assist member states in building a knowledge base on youth employment, the ILO has designed the school-to-work t ... Show more
To assist member states in building a knowledge base on youth employment, the ILO has designed the school-to-work transition survey (SWTS). The SWTS is a unique survey instrument that generates relevant labour market information on young people aged 15 to 29 years. The survey captures longitudinal information on transitions within the labour market, thus providing evidence of the increasingly tentative and indirect paths to decent and productive employment that today's young men and women face.
These short country summaries present the main findings of two rounds of school-to-work transition surveys (SWTS) along with a selection of key output tables.
Edited excerpts from publications and publisher's website. Show less

Corporate authors: International Labour Office (ILO)

Date: 2015-

Geographic subjects: Peru;

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: Work4Youth publication series

Subjects: Youth; Employment; Labour market ... [+] Show more
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The role of employment service providers: guide to anticipating and matching skills and jobs: volume 4

This publication is a part of the [European Training Foundation] ETF, [International Labour Office] ILO and [Europe ... Show more
This publication is a part of the [European Training Foundation] ETF, [International Labour Office] ILO and [European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training] Cedefop series of guides on skills anticipation and matching. It covers the role of employment service providers in skills anticipation and matching and aims to support transition and developing countries in establishing and strengthening the role of these providers. It identifies outstanding initiatives and good practices from around the world, and gives insights into strategic choices and experimental practices that different countries have undertaken in their attempts to match skills supply with labour market demands. The examples provided make this publication a useful tool for labour market actors such as training providers, guidance and counselling officers, administrators and researchers. It is especially valuable for managers and professionals working in organisations that provide employment services.
Abstract from publisher's website. Show less

Authors: Andersen, Tine; Feiler, Lizzi; Schulz, Gregor

Date: 2015

Geographic subjects: Africa; Benin; Asia ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: Compendium on anticipation and matching of skills

Subjects: Employment; Skills and knowledge; Labour market ... [+] Show more
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New directions for adult and continuing education, no. 171-172, Fall/Winter 2021

This issue, 'Lifelong learning and adult education in Latin America and Caribbean social movements', is guest edite ... Show more
This issue, 'Lifelong learning and adult education in Latin America and Caribbean social movements', is guest edited by John D. Holst, Maria Alicia Rueda, Kamil Geronimo-Lopez, Gabriel Ramos Concha, and Violeta Acuna Collado. The focus of the issue is on social justice and the intersection of education and social movements, drawing on the innovative and transformative social movements of the Latin American region. Featuring articles written by Latin American adult educators, the issue introduces English-language audiences to adult education within emerging Latin American social movements. The introductory article describes the nature of social movement-based adult education practices in Latin America and the Caribbean by reviewing major social movements in the region from 2010 to 2020. The concluding article identifies the challenges and opportunities facing adult educators in Latin America and the Caribbean in a context of growing social movements and discusses the potential relevance of these practices and experiences for US adult educators.
Edited excerpts from publication.
The contents are as follows: Adult education in Latin American and Caribbean social movements / Kamil Geronimo-Lopez, Gabriel Ramos Concha, John D. Holst; The long tradition of lifelong learning in Latin America and the Caribbean / Miriam Camilo Recio, Francisco Cabrera Romero; Dialogue between social movement activists and a Master's Program in youth and adult education / Graca Dos Santos Costa, Patricia Lessa Santos Costa, Carla Liane Nascimento Dos Santos, David Mallows; Adult education, human rights, and the problem of incarceration in Chile / Violeta Acuna Collado, Gabriel Ramos Concha; Critical thinking and embodied learning for a Puerto Rican student movement pedagogy / Kamil Geronimo-Lopez, Fernando Tormos-Aponte; Popular high schools in worker recuperated companies / Ezequiel Alfieri, Fernando Lazaro, Fernando Santana; Structural racism and youth and adult education in Brazil / Edneia Goncalves, Roberto Catelli; The education of youth and adults in Colombia from a popular feminist and gender perspective / Sonia Mireya Torres Rincon; Systematization of experiences as new paths for university extension / Oscar Jara Holliday; Youth and adult education in Latin America and the Caribbean: the role of social movements / Violeta Acuna Collado, Maria Alicia Rueda, John D. Holst. Show less

Authors: Holst, John D.; Rueda, Maria Alicia; Geronimo-Lopez, Kamil; Ramos Concha, Gabriel ... [+] Show more

Date: 2021

Geographic subjects: South America; Central America and the Caribbean; Brazil ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Journal issue

Subjects: Lifelong learning; Adult and community education; Culture and society ... [+] Show more
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How can job opportunities for young people in Latin America be improved?

Job training programs for vulnerable youth are the main response of Latin American governments to address the probl ... Show more
Job training programs for vulnerable youth are the main response of Latin American governments to address the problem of inadequate employment opportunities for young people. Despite its importance, knowledge about these programs is scarce. This study contributes to filling this gap in the literature by presenting new evidence on the effectiveness of six of these programs operating or that were implemented in Colombia, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Peru and Dominican Republic. This analysis uses the results of impact evaluations of these programs and the results of qualitative surveys of young participants and employers, and in-depth interviews to training centers, employers and policy makers. The main results confirm the limited evidence available, namely, that these programs have little impact on the probability of getting a job (although there is a high heterogeneity in these impacts), but a significant impact on job quality. From this analysis, we propose a research agenda to improve knowledge on the functioning and impact of these programs, and provide a series of recommendations to improve the design and increase the effectiveness of youth training programs.
Abstract from publisher's website. Show less

Authors: Gonzalez-Velosa, Carolina; Ripani, Laura; Rosas-Shady, David

Date: 2012

Geographic subjects: North America; South America; Central America and the Caribbean ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: IDB technical notes

Subjects: Youth; Employment; Teaching and learning ... [+] Show more
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What do we know about first job programmes and policies in Latin America

The report focuses on initiatives that promote youth employment and employability in Latin America and the Caribbea ... Show more
The report focuses on initiatives that promote youth employment and employability in Latin America and the Caribbean. Specifically, it explores so-called first job initiatives, which include internship contracts, training programmes, hiring subsidies and special employment arrangements for youth. The reach and limitations of these initiatives are a subject of debate. This document analyzes recent experiences with first job policies and programmes in Latin America and the Caribbean with a view to contributing to the development of improved public policies in the region.
Abstract from publisher's website. Show less

Authors: Dema, Guillermo; Diaz, Juan Jose; Chacaltana, Juan

Date: 2015

Geographic subjects: Central America and the Caribbean; Jamaica; Panama ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: Youth and informality

Subjects: Youth; Employment; Policy
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Pre-apprenticeship programs (PaPs) for Latin America and the Caribbean during and after the COVID-19 crisis

The outbreak of the [Coronavirus Disease 2019] COVID-19 pandemic hit the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) regi ... Show more
The outbreak of the [Coronavirus Disease 2019] COVID-19 pandemic hit the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region hard, deepening existing problems. Among those most affected are young people, as educational institutions were closed for long periods and distance education was not possible everywhere. In this context, the value of pre-apprenticeship programmes (PaPs) as a powerful tool to promote quality learning becomes more important. Pre-apprenticeships are programmes mainly focusing on preparing participants to meet the requirements of (quality) apprenticeships and being able to successfully start an apprenticeship after the program. They have a narrow focus on bridging the gap between compulsory education and apprenticeships, in case compulsory education did not prepare adequately. Consequently PaPs do not aim at a direct labor market entry. However, depending on the target group, PaPs may also have the function of making up deficits caused by having dropped out of school.
This publication aim is to provide a starting point for a transformation process in the vocational education and training (VET) systems in LAC, to offer attractive educational solutions for different groups of young people and to lay a solid foundation for developing future skilled workforce that meets the requirements of the private sector translating into growing economies in the region. The five key messages of this publication are: (1) most importantly, pre-apprenticeships are the 'feeder' of quality apprenticeships and 'heal' shortcomings from compulsory schools to smoothen the transition to quality apprenticeships; (2) pre-apprenticeship programs should help to expand existing initiatives of quality apprenticeships in the region because they increase the pool of qualified candidates and, therefore, may lead to more interest on the side of the employer; (3) pre-apprenticeships have the potential to help tackling some of the existing problems in the region like skills gaps, low graduation rates from secondary education, low permeability in the education system, fewer chances for vulnerable groups, high drop-out rates in VET and child labor; (4) the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic is demanding for a new and innovative solution like PaPs and for acting now, because many of the problems mentioned have intensified in the crisis; and (5) the inspiring example from Mexico, as well as the reports from Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, and Paraguay, illustrate and validate the concept of PaPs that are proposed in this publication and confirm that PaPs might be the missing piece in the puzzle for VET in the region.
Edited excerpts from publication and publisher's website. Show less

Authors: Axmann, Michael; Jaik, Katharina

Date: 2021

Geographic subjects: South America; Central America and the Caribbean; North America ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Subjects: Youth; Pathways; Apprenticeship ... [+] Show more
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Coding bootcamps for youth employment: evidence from Colombia, Lebanon, and Kenya

Coding bootcamps are intensive short-term programs designed to train participants in programming skills to make the ... Show more
Coding bootcamps are intensive short-term programs designed to train participants in programming skills to make them immediately employable. They combine characteristics of traditional vocational training programs with the intensity of military bootcamps for new recruits, intermingling socio emotional and tech skills learning in an intense and experiential manner, in what could be referred to as skills accelerators. The authors refer to coding bootcamps in this report as the ready-to-work model. The initiative aims to collect and share examples and lessons of bootcamps in emerging markets, and measure the impact of bootcamp training on youth employment in selected countries. The program seeks to establish a framework of best practice for future projects in technology upskilling in the developing world.
This report highlights the results of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) carried out in Medellin (Colombia), complemented with qualitative studies in Beirut (Lebanon) and Nairobi (Kenya). This report is arranged as follows: chapter one starts with introduction; chapter two describes the intervention in Medellin, including the experimental allocation of training slots to the bootcamp; chapters three and four present the qualitative studies in Beirut and Nairobi; the main findings from the three interventions are presented in chapter five; and lessons for future impact evaluations are described in chapter six.
Abstract from publisher's website. Show less

Authors: Mulas, Victor; Paradi-Guilford, Cecilia; Cerdan-Infantes, Pedro

Date: 2018

Geographic subjects: Colombia; Lebanon; Kenya ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Subjects: Youth; Employment; Technology ... [+] Show more
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Bridging the skills gap: insights from employers, educators, and youth in Latin America and the Caribbean

The authors of this report synthesized findings from a 10-month investigation of the secondary education school-to- ... Show more
The authors of this report synthesized findings from a 10-month investigation of the secondary education school-to-work transition in Colombia, the Dominican Republic and El Salvador. FHI 360 and the Results for Development (R4D) developed this study to advance an understanding of the region's growing 'skills gap' and to identify innovative models and mechanisms that promote youth employability. The report draws from in-country interviews with students, teachers, employers and public officials to connect issues regarding formal education and workforce development. The authors address these key questions in the skills gap debate: Which skills are needed for employability in Latin America and the Caribbean? What skills do students currently acquire in the formal education system? What innovative delivery models are currently used to improve skill acquisition and youth employability?
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Authors: Florez, Ana; Jayaram, Shubha

Date: 2016

Geographic subjects: El Salvador; Colombia; Dominican Republic ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Subjects: Skills and knowledge; Youth; Employment
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Partnerships and contractors in the delivery of employment services and ALMPs: a literature review

A growing acceptance of partnerships between publicly funded employment services and other labour market actors in ... Show more
A growing acceptance of partnerships between publicly funded employment services and other labour market actors in recent years has shaped both public employment service (PES) business models and international regulation. This desk-based review of partnerships in employment services and active labour market policies and programmes (ALMPs) synthesizes information available in recent literature and on selected examples of current practice about the extent to which countries foster such partnerships. It identifies some recent trends and reviews the available evidence on the effectiveness of the various partnership approaches. In the course of this endeavour, it also reviews the background and evolution of publicly funded employment services and ALMPs, identifies the current drivers of change in their design and delivery, explores the nature, benefits and challenges of partnerships, and describes the impact of different policy settings and national contexts on the design and implementation of partnership approaches.
Noting the increasing investments in partnerships, this work reveals that these mechanisms are being more frequently used to fill service gaps, maximize service linkages at local level, and enhance results through the improved application of limited resources from the public purse.
Edited excerpts from publication. Show less

Authors: Powers, Tony

Date: 2017

Geographic subjects: Australia; China; Colombia ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: Employment Policy Department employment working paper

Subjects: Employment; Policy; Youth ... [+] Show more

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