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An educated choice: expanding Australia's education, training and research engagement with Latin America

Latin America has become an increasingly important region for Australia's international education sector. Brazil an ... Show more
Latin America has become an increasingly important region for Australia's international education sector. Brazil and Colombia are both now in the top ten source countries for international students, with enrolments from the region growing particularly strongly in the vocational education and training (VET) and English Language Intensive Courses for Overseas Students (ELICOS) sectors. This growth in student numbers, coupled with increasing institutional partnerships and research collaboration, has drawn renewed attention to Australia's education, training and research relationships with the diverse countries that make up Latin America. The Australian education, training and research landscapes are large and varied, encompassing multiple stakeholder groups, perspectives and experiences. Moreover, the term 'Latin America' hides the many and significant differences between the various countries which make up the region. Well over 200 Australian stakeholders from the education, training, research, industry and government sectors took part in the Working Group's consultations, demonstrating a widespread interest in the potential for greater engagement with Latin America. The recommendations in the report are intended to ensure the momentum that has been generated through this process is not lost and that all stakeholders can work together to position Australia as a committed and beneficial partner for Latin America as the region continues to grow in global importance for education, training and research.
Contents of the report: (1) Overview of Latin America; (2) Current levels of engagement; (3) Perceptions of Australia; (4) Opportunities and barriers; and (5) Recommendations and the way forward.
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Corporate authors: Council for International Education. Latin America Working Group (Australia)

Date: 2018

Geographic subjects: Australia; Oceania; Argentina ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Government report or paper

Subjects: International education; Students; Research
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Global green skills report 2022

There is a massive shift underway in the global economy. In the wake of the pandemic, the world is witnessing a his ... Show more
There is a massive shift underway in the global economy. In the wake of the pandemic, the world is witnessing a historic transformation in how people work, why they work and where they work. At LinkedIn, we call it the Great Reshuffle, an unprecedented moment in history where we are reimagining the future of work. People are actively acquiring new skills and pursuing new ventures. Employers are reinventing business models and creating new markets. And all of this economic upheaval, which would normally play out over the course of decades, is being compressed into a couple of years. Amid this Great Reshuffle, we're faced with an urgent need to transition our society to a green economy to address the threat of climate change.
Green skills are a critical factor in realising the success and speed of the green transition. Our data shows hiring for green skill talent is rising globally but nowhere near what's needed. In addition to diagnosing where we need to make more progress, we provide recommendations on how to close the green skills gap, upskill workers and enable the shift to more green jobs. This report provides new data on green skills and jobs from all across the world, to empower policymakers, governments and business leaders with actionable insights to help them transition the global workforce to a green economy future. We examine the gaps that exist across income, gender and education levels, and provide recommendations for actions that governments, organisations and individuals can take.
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Corporate authors: LinkedIn Economic Graph

Date: 2022

Geographic subjects: Argentina;

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: Global green skills report (LinkedIn Economic Graph)

Subjects: Sustainability; Skills and knowledge; Labour market ... [+] Show more
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A revised approach to trend employment projections in long-term scenarios

The paper describes revisions to the trend employment component of the production function underpinning long-term e ... Show more
The paper describes revisions to the trend employment component of the production function underpinning long-term economic scenarios. Starting with historical age and sex-specific employment rates, a novel approach is developed to correct for cyclical effects using the country-level employment gap while allowing the different sex and age groups to exhibit different sensitivities to the economic cycle. From the resulting cyclically adjusted age/sex-specific employment rates, trend entry and exit rates into/out of employment are computed using the traditional cohort approach. The different employment propensities of existing cohorts are then used to project future employment rates, with entry and exit rates of new cohorts assumed to mimic the most recent ones. To construct scenarios, the model allows a number of policy settings to influence employment rate projections, notably the legal retirement age, tax wedges, family benefits, etc. The sizes of these effects are sourced from recent OECD work on the quantification of structural reforms, and are also specific to sex and age groups. The trend total employment projection is obtained by aggregating age/sex-specific employment rate projections using external demographic projections. This paper is thus concerned with identifying and projecting trends in the employment rates of existing and future cohorts of workers. These generational trends reflect societal changes such as rising female employment rates but also structural changes such as higher educational attainment.
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Authors: Cavalleri, Maria Chiara; Guillemette, Yvan

Date: 2017

Geographic subjects: Australia; Austria; Belgium ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: OECD Economics Department working papers

Subjects: Employment; Outcomes; Demographics ... [+] Show more
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Entry and competition in the market for short-cycle programs

Short-cycle higher education programs form skilled human capital in two or three years and are eminently oriented t ... Show more
Short-cycle higher education programs form skilled human capital in two or three years and are eminently oriented to the labor market. While they could play a key role in the upskilling and reskilling of the workforce required for employment recovery after the [Coronavirus Disease 2019] COVID-19 pandemic, they will only do so if their supply responds fast and nimbly to the skill needs to local labor markets. This paper studies the entry, competition, and turnover of short-cycle higher education programs (SCPs) in Colombia. It documents a large expansion in the number of programs over the past fifteen years and studies the frequency of program entry and exit.
It finds that the market for SCPs is more dynamic than the market for bachelor's programs, as it exhibits greater turnover or 'churn' of programs, with a significantly higher rate of program entry and exit in a given year. Exploiting data on local productivity and employment by field of study, the paper finds that SCPs are more responsive than bachelor's programs to changes in local labor demand. Among SCP providers, private and non-university institutions respond the most to the local economy. SCP entry is deterred by the presence of competitors and responds to cost considerations, particularly among private institutions. For a given institution, exit and entry decisions are highly correlated within a field of study. While enrollment is sensitive to the number of competitors, institutions differentiate their product by tuition, field, and geographic coverage. Overall, the evidence suggests that SCPs might indeed respond fast and nimbly to the local labor market needs created by the pandemic.
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Authors: Carranza, Juan Esteban; Ferreyra, Maria Marta; Gazmuri, Ana; Franco, Andrea

Date: 2021

Geographic subjects: Colombia; South America

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: World Bank policy research working paper

Subjects: Qualifications; Participation; Providers of education and training ... [+] Show more
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Changes in returns to education in Latin America: the role of demand and supply of skills

Changes in the relative wages of workers with different amounts of education have profound implications for develop ... Show more
Changes in the relative wages of workers with different amounts of education have profound implications for developing countries, where initial levels of inequality are often very high. In this paper we use micro data for five Latin American countries over the 1980s and 1990s to document trends in men’s returns to education, and to estimate whether the changes in skill premia we observe can be explained by supply or demand factors. We propose a model of demand for skills with three production inputs, and we allow the elasticity of substitution between the different educational inputs to be different using a nested [constant elasticity of substitution] CES function. Using this model, we show that the dramatic expansion in secondary school in many countries in Latin America depressed the wages of workers with secondary [schooling]. We also show that there have been sharp increases in the demand for more skilled workers in the region.
Published abstract reprinted by permission of the copyright owner. Show less

Authors: Manacorda, Marco; Sanchez-Paramo, Carolina; Schady, Norbert

Corporate authors: London School of Economics and Political Science. Centre for Economic Performance (CEP)

Date: 2005

Geographic subjects: North America; South America; Argentina ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: Discussion paper (London School of Economics and Political Science. Centre for Economic Performance)

Subjects: Skills and knowledge; Outcomes; Income ... [+] Show more
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The future of work in Latin America and the Caribbean: education and health: the sectors of the future?

A substantial and increasing proportion of workers in Latin America and the Caribbean are professionals in the soci ... Show more
A substantial and increasing proportion of workers in Latin America and the Caribbean are professionals in the social sectors. Today there are more than 11 million people in the region working as teachers, doctors and nurses. Who are these professionals and where are their jobs headed? In this second installment of the series The future of labor in Latin America and the Caribbean, we analyze the evolution of employment in the education and health sectors, and project expected changes for the future.
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Authors: Aguayo, Yyannu Cruz; Fuertes, Nicolas; Kang, Minji; Robles, Marcos ... [+] Show more

Date: 2019

Geographic subjects: Central America and the Caribbean; North America; South America ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: The future of work in Latin America and the Caribbean (Inter-American Development Bank)

Subjects: Labour market; Industry; Employment ... [+] Show more
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Higher education in Latin America: trends and explanations

This paper documents the recent trends in access and completion of higher education (HE) in 18 Latin American count ... Show more
This paper documents the recent trends in access and completion of higher education (HE) in 18 Latin American countries, and explores the relation with a series of context variables in order to verify different hypothesis about the changes observed. We find that access to HE among individuals in the working age population has risen in the region, while completion rates have fallen. Our cohort-level analysis shows that the recent expansion in HE enrollment has been mostly associated with the increase in Upper Secondary [USE] completion rates as opposed to an increase in the fraction of USE graduates who enroll in HE. Other factors associated with this expansion include economic growth and favorable labor market conditions. Nonetheless, the dominant role of 'the pipeline' underscores the need to continue increasing USE completion in order to expand HE access. Since 'the pipeline' effect will at some point exhaust its role driving HE expansion, our findings also underscore the need for policies that raise the enrollment of USE graduates.
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Authors: Szekely, Miguel

Date: 2017

Geographic subjects: South America; Central America and the Caribbean; North America ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Article

Journal title: Journal of studies in education

Subjects: Higher education; Participation; Policy ... [+] Show more
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Educational upgrading and returns to skills in Latin America: evidence from a supply-demand framework

This paper documents the evolution of wage differentials and the supply of workers by educational level for sixteen ... Show more
This paper documents the evolution of wage differentials and the supply of workers by educational level for sixteen Latin American countries [Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela] over the period 1991-2013. We find a pattern of rather constant rise in the relative supply of skilled and semi-skilled workers over the period. Whereas the returns to secondary education fell over time, in contrast, the returns to tertiary education display a remarkable changing pattern common to almost all economies: significant increase in the 1990s, strong fall in the 2000s, and a deceleration of that fall in the 2010s. We conclude that supply-side factors seem to have limited explanatory power relative to demand-side factors in accounting for changes in the wage gap between workers with tertiary education and the rest.
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Authors: Acosta, Pablo A.; Cruces, Guillermo; Galiani, Sebastian; Gasparini, Leonardo

Date: 2019

Geographic subjects: Argentina; Brazil; Bolivia ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Article

Journal title: Latin American economic review

Subjects: Tertiary education; Qualifications; Employment ... [+] Show more
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Automation in Latin America: are women at higher risk of losing their jobs?

New technological trends, such as digitization, artificial intelligence and robotics, have the power to drastically ... Show more
New technological trends, such as digitization, artificial intelligence and robotics, have the power to drastically increase economic output but may also displace workers. In this paper we assess the risk of automation for female and male workers in four Latin American countries - Bolivia, Chile, Colombia and El Salvador. Our study is the first to apply a task-based approach with a gender perspective in this region. Our main findings indicate that men are more likely than women to perform tasks linked to the 'skills of the future', such as STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics), information and communications technology, management and communication, and creative problem-solving tasks. Women thus have a higher average risk of automation, and 21 per cent of women vs. 19 per cent of men are at high risk (probability of automation greater than 70 per cent). The differential impacts of the new technological trends for women and men must be assessed in order to guide the policy-making process to prepare workers for the future. Action should be taken to prevent digital transformation from worsening existing gender inequalities in the labor market.
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Authors: Bustelo, Monserrat; Egana-delSol, Pablo; Ripani, Laura; Soler, Nicolas ... [+] Show more

Date: 2020

Geographic subjects: Bolivia; Chile; Colombia ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: IDB working paper series

Subjects: Technology; Employment; Participation ... [+] Show more
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The global skills dilemma: how can supply keep up with demand?: the Hays Global Skills Index 2019/20

The Hays Global Skills Index (the 'Index') is an annual assessment of the issues and trends impacting skilled labou ... Show more
The Hays Global Skills Index (the 'Index') is an annual assessment of the issues and trends impacting skilled labour markets and examines the dynamics at play across 34 markets, determining how easy or difficult it is for organisations to find the skilled professionals they need. In addition to the deep analysis of some of the world's largest labour markets, the report highlights several factors impacting economies globally, including wage stagnation and its potential causes, the disappearance of mid-skilled jobs and occupational gender segregation. This year's Index, the eighth edition to date, reveals two pressures are having particularly important and opposing impacts on skilled labour markets around the world. Our research has found that 'talent mismatches' are worsening in many of the labour markets featured within the Index, at the same time wage premiums paid for high-skilled occupations are typically easing.
Overall, labour market conditions remain similar to last year, with the average Index score unchanged at 5.4 – halting a steady rise since the Index began in 2012. Underneath this figure, however, are widespread variations among the 34 labour markets featured. To help tell the wider story, the data for each market is complemented by the insights of Hays experts on the ground to describe the unique challenges each labour market is facing today. One positive development of recent years has been the widespread drop in unemployment rates across the economies in the Index. However, this decline in the number of jobseekers has not typically seen an increase in wages, as might have been expected. This report investigates some of the possible reasons behind the continued wage stagnation across the globe. As with previous years, we have developed a list of recommendations for policymakers and business leaders to consider as part of their wider drives to solve the world's employment challenges: (1) Invest in education, life-long learning and reskilling programmes as a priority for governments and businesses; (2) Employers should actively motivate employees to take advantage of flexible working and geographically distant opportunities; and (3) Companies should embrace diversity in the workforce in all its forms.
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Corporate authors: Hays

Date: 2019

Geographic subjects: Asia; Oceania; Europe ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Statistical series

Series name: Hays Global Skills Index

Subjects: Skills and knowledge; Labour market; Participation ... [+] Show more

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