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Skill achievement and returns in developing countries: evidence from adult skills surveys

Using novel adult skills surveys, this article analyses cross-country patterns in skill achievement and labour mark ... Show more
Using novel adult skills surveys, this article analyses cross-country patterns in skill achievement and labour market returns, comparing the outcomes for a subset of developing countries with the results previously found for high-income economies. Apart from displaying lower average cognitive skills, developing countries also exhibit wider disparities in levels of skills by subgroups of educational attainment, gender, and parental education. Meanwhile, baseline estimates of returns to skills reveal that a one-standard deviation increase in literacy skills is associated with an earnings increase of 14.6 per cent in developing countries, which is statistically indistinguishable from the average returns of 17.7 estimated for developed countries. Nonetheless, there is considerable heterogeneity in the returns across developing countries, with the lowest estimates found in Armenia and Ukraine at 2 per cent (not statistically significant) and 6 per cent, respectively, and the highest reported in Kenya at above 30 per cent. Differences in the type of employment opportunities and the degree of employment selection in these labour markets are important determinants of the observed gap in returns. International comparisons of returns should take this into consideration.
Published abstract reprinted by permission of the copyright owner. Show less

Authors: Chua, Kenn

Date: 2017

Geographic subjects: Armenia; Bolivia; Colombia ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Article

Journal title: European journal of education: research, development and policy

Subjects: Skills and knowledge; Employment; Income
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Skill acquisition in the informal economy and schooling decisions: evidence from emerging economies

Informal jobs offer skill acquisition opportunities that may facilitate a future switch to formal employment for yo ... Show more
Informal jobs offer skill acquisition opportunities that may facilitate a future switch to formal employment for young workers. In this sense, informal training on the job may be a viable alternative to formal schooling in an economy with a large and diverse informal sector. In this paper, [the author investigates] if these considerations are relevant for the schooling decisions of young individuals using panel data on 17 Latin American countries as well as micro-level data for Turkey. Specifically, [the author asks] if the prevalence of informal jobs distort schooling attainment. [The author concentrates] on three measures of schooling outcomes: (1) secondary education enrollment rate, (2) out-of-school rate for lower secondary school, and (3) tertiary education graduation rate. [The author finds] that the secondary education enrollment rate is negatively correlated with the size of the informal economy, while the out-of-school rate is positively correlated. This means that informal training on the job may be crowding out school education in developing countries. The tertiary education graduation rate, however, is positively correlated with the size of the informal sector, which implies that a large informal economy induces college attendance for those who are more likely to succeed. Policies that can potentially affect the size of the informal sector should take into consideration these second-round effects on aggregate schooling outcomes.
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Authors: Tumen, Semih

Date: 2015

Geographic subjects: Turkey; Asia; Argentina ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: MPRA paper

Subjects: Skills and knowledge; Economics; Employment ... [+] Show more
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Harnessing the potential of ICTs for literacy teaching and learning: effective literacy and numeracy programmes using radio, tv, mobile phones, tablets, and computers

The examples of literacy and numeracy programmes included in this compilation confirm that the use of [information ... Show more
The examples of literacy and numeracy programmes included in this compilation confirm that the use of [information and communications technologies] ICTs to support the acquisition and further development of reading, writing and numeracy skills is usually part of broader blended learning strategies. Traditional classroom teaching and learning approaches are complemented by self-directed learning, where learners can practice and progress at their individual pace, at their own time, and in different places. These strategies contain also possibilities for learners to interact with each other and share the learning experience from different places. A number of programmes featured in this selection are enabling learners to connect with each other and exchange information about health, nutrition, religion and other important day-to-day topics or to coordinate their community development activities. These inspiring programmes arose from different cultural backgrounds and are transferable to a variety of contexts.
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Authors: Hanemann, Ulrike

Date: 2014

Geographic subjects: Africa; Cabo Verde; Kenya ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Subjects: Technology; Research; Literacy ... [+] Show more
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W4Y country summaries

To assist member states in building a knowledge base on youth employment, the ILO has designed the school-to-work t ... Show more
To assist member states in building a knowledge base on youth employment, the ILO has designed the school-to-work transition survey (SWTS). The SWTS is a unique survey instrument that generates relevant labour market information on young people aged 15 to 29 years. The survey captures longitudinal information on transitions within the labour market, thus providing evidence of the increasingly tentative and indirect paths to decent and productive employment that today's young men and women face.
These short country summaries present the main findings of two rounds of school-to-work transition surveys (SWTS) along with a selection of key output tables.
Edited excerpts from publications and publisher's website. Show less

Corporate authors: International Labour Office (ILO)

Date: 2015-

Geographic subjects: Peru;

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: Work4Youth publication series

Subjects: Youth; Employment; Labour market ... [+] Show more
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International student recruitment: policies and developments in selected countries

This report aims to provide an overview of international student recruitment and mobility policies by national gove ... Show more
This report aims to provide an overview of international student recruitment and mobility policies by national governments in key recruiting and recruitment countries, and to identify the emerging implications of these developments for the Netherlands. The report is targeted at Dutch early-career policymakers at national and institutional levels, early-career marketing officers and researchers in the area of international student mobility. The report consists of four chapters. Chapter one sets out the focus of this study and gives an overview of the main factors that influence international student mobility. Chapter two analyses national government policies and strategies for international student recruitment in 11 countries that are active in international student recruitment. These countries include the Netherlands, France, Germany, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, Singapore, Malaysia and China. Chapter three describes national student mobility policies and the local context in recruitment countries that are (or may become) particularly important to the Netherlands. These countries are Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Russia, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Argentina, Chile, Colombia and Egypt. Chapter four offers the conclusions of this study.
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Authors: Becker, Rosa; Kolster, Renze

Date: 2012

Geographic subjects: Netherlands; France; Germany ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Subjects: Policy; Students; Higher education ... [+] Show more
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Unlocking apprenticeship potential in small and medium enterprises

This report was compiled under the ILO's research project, Apprenticeship Development for Universal Lifelong Learni ... Show more
This report was compiled under the ILO's research project, Apprenticeship Development for Universal Lifelong Learning and Training (ADULT), funded by the Government of Flanders. The project aims to explore how apprenticeship systems are being modernised and transformed to promote and enable lifelong learning and decent work for youth, adults, and older workers (both employed and unemployed). This research paper explores the status of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) that offer apprenticeship opportunities in various countries, the reasons for the low participation of enterprises with especial reference to developing and developed countries and the various factors which affect the participation of enterprises in apprenticeship. It also highlights the experiences and lessons learned from the initiatives taken by various countries in encouraging employers to participate in the apprenticeships.
Edited excerpt from publisher's website. Show less

Authors: Grollmann, Philipp; le Mouillour, Isabelle; Wittig, Wolfgang

Date: 2022

Geographic subjects: Germany; Europe; Colombia ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: Apprenticeships Development for Universal Lifelong Learning and Training project

Subjects: Lifelong learning; Apprenticeship; Industry ... [+] Show more
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How TVET teachers foster employability skills: insights from developing countries

Despite the diversity of views in the literature about what employability skills are, there appears to be general a ... Show more
Despite the diversity of views in the literature about what employability skills are, there appears to be general agreement that employability skills are important. However, there are concerns about whether [technical and vocational education and training] TVET graduates in developing countries are developing these skills and the onus falls upon TVET teachers to ensure they do so. In this qualitative study, 35 TVET teachers from 19 developing countries were interviewed to learn how TVET teachers foster the employability skills of learners. Data collected were transcribed, coded and analysed using thematic analysis. Findings show that the well-published notion that TVET teachers in many developing countries do not make efforts to impart employability skills to their students could be brought into question. Results of this study show that TVET teachers use various techniques to foster employability skills in their TVET learners. Continuous professional development of TVET teachers to ensure quality graduate outcomes is recommended.
Published abstract reprinted by permission of the copyright owner. Show less

Authors: Okolie, Ugochukwu Chinonso; Elom, Elisha N.; Igwe, Paul A.; Nwajiuba, Chinyere Augusta ... [+] Show more

Date: 2020

Geographic subjects: Afghanistan; Argentina; Bangladesh ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Article

Journal title: International journal of training research

Subjects: Vocational education and training; Providers of education and training; Skills and knowledge ... [+] Show more
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The role of employment service providers: guide to anticipating and matching skills and jobs: volume 4

This publication is a part of the [European Training Foundation] ETF, [International Labour Office] ILO and [Europe ... Show more
This publication is a part of the [European Training Foundation] ETF, [International Labour Office] ILO and [European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training] Cedefop series of guides on skills anticipation and matching. It covers the role of employment service providers in skills anticipation and matching and aims to support transition and developing countries in establishing and strengthening the role of these providers. It identifies outstanding initiatives and good practices from around the world, and gives insights into strategic choices and experimental practices that different countries have undertaken in their attempts to match skills supply with labour market demands. The examples provided make this publication a useful tool for labour market actors such as training providers, guidance and counselling officers, administrators and researchers. It is especially valuable for managers and professionals working in organisations that provide employment services.
Abstract from publisher's website. Show less

Authors: Andersen, Tine; Feiler, Lizzi; Schulz, Gregor

Date: 2015

Geographic subjects: Africa; Benin; Asia ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: Compendium on anticipation and matching of skills

Subjects: Employment; Skills and knowledge; Labour market ... [+] Show more
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Global green skills report 2022

There is a massive shift underway in the global economy. In the wake of the pandemic, the world is witnessing a his ... Show more
There is a massive shift underway in the global economy. In the wake of the pandemic, the world is witnessing a historic transformation in how people work, why they work and where they work. At LinkedIn, we call it the Great Reshuffle, an unprecedented moment in history where we are reimagining the future of work. People are actively acquiring new skills and pursuing new ventures. Employers are reinventing business models and creating new markets. And all of this economic upheaval, which would normally play out over the course of decades, is being compressed into a couple of years. Amid this Great Reshuffle, we're faced with an urgent need to transition our society to a green economy to address the threat of climate change.
Green skills are a critical factor in realising the success and speed of the green transition. Our data shows hiring for green skill talent is rising globally but nowhere near what's needed. In addition to diagnosing where we need to make more progress, we provide recommendations on how to close the green skills gap, upskill workers and enable the shift to more green jobs. This report provides new data on green skills and jobs from all across the world, to empower policymakers, governments and business leaders with actionable insights to help them transition the global workforce to a green economy future. We examine the gaps that exist across income, gender and education levels, and provide recommendations for actions that governments, organisations and individuals can take.
Excerpts from publication. Show less

Corporate authors: LinkedIn Economic Graph

Date: 2022

Geographic subjects: Argentina; Australia; Austria ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: Global green skills report (LinkedIn Economic Graph)

Subjects: Sustainability; Skills and knowledge; Labour market ... [+] Show more
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Making a difference: innovations in adult education

This document contains a series of case studies and contributions prepared as part of an international research pro ... Show more
This document contains a series of case studies and contributions prepared as part of an international research project on ‘Innovations in Adult Education’ (INNAE). The project, managed by the UNESCO Institute for Education (UIE) and the German Foundation for International Development (DSE), examined how adult educators and facilitators have evolved innovative educational practice and programs in order to better serve the needs of their clients. The project enabled the participants to develop a common frame of reference for the analysis of educational innovations and this process is detailed in the introduction to the book: Common learning - collective research: innovating adult education / Werner Mauch and Uta Papen. The case studies are: Innovating for change: women’s education for empowerment: an analysis of the Mahila Samakhya programme in Banda District (India) / Nirantar - A Centre for Women and Education; Graduate Resource Advancement (GREAT): non-formal exposure of youth to rural development (Sri Lanka) / S. B. Ekanayake; Question de competences: the competence issue: a tool for women: working together on links between past and future (Canada) / Rachel Belisle; And the hammock lingers on: whither theatre-for-development (Cameroon) / Hansel Ndumbe Eyoh; The community health workers’ school of the Union of Palestinian Medical Relief Committees (Palestine) / Jihad Mash’al; Kenyan experience on training adult education teachers through distance education (Kenya) / Khalfan A. Mazrui; CAFAM’s continuing adult education program (CAFAED): a human development project (Colombia) / Maria Auxiliadora Consuegra G.; ‘We got it together…and?’: a project for couples (Chile) / Manuel Bastias Urra and B. Rosa Saavedra Diaz; The fisherfolk environmental education project: a timely innovation in popular environmental education (Philippines) / M. Linnea Villarosa-Tanchuling. The section on transversal issue includes: Change and integration / S. B. Ekanayake, Werner Mauch and Catherine Alum Odora-Hoppers; Participation and partnership, sustainability and transferability / Rachel Belisle, Dipta Bhog and Ingrid Jung; The needs issue / Maria Consuegra, Khalfan Mazrui and Josef Muller; Conversation on empowerment / Rosa Saavedra, Miryan Zuniga, Maria Linnea (Ging) Tanchuling and Uta Papen.
Selected chapters are indexed from TD/INT 61.187 to TD/INT 61.191. Show less

Authors: Mauch, Werner; Papen, Uta

Date: 1997

Geographic subjects: Middle East; North America; Asia ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Edited book

Subjects: Innovation; Adult and community education; Research ... [+] Show more

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