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Gender inequality at work persists across Europe, despite the long standing attention paid and efforts made to tackle it. This Eurofound report presents a closer look at women's and men's working conditions, using data from Eurofound's European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) and complementing previous Eurofound research on, among other things, working time patterns, work-life balance and workers' health. Beyond the general differences in the labour market, it highlights many important gaps in men's and women's working conditions and job quality which require specific attention. According to the EWCS data, the reduction of gender gaps in those areas showing improvement over the last 5 to 10 years remains limited. European and national strategies aimed at achieving job quality for all, that seek to mainstream gender equality, could help address persistent inequalities between men and women.

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Job quality is a major focus of policymakers around the world. For workers, the enterprises that employ them and for societies, there are benefits associated with high-quality jobs, and costs associated with poor-quality jobs. This report is the result of a project by the International Labour Organization and European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (Eurofound). It provides a comparative analysis of job quality covering approximately 1.2 billion workers in Europe, Asia and the Americas. It analyses seven dimensions of job quality: the physical environment, work intensity, working time quality, the social environment, skills and development, prospects, and earnings, finding both important differences and similarities between countries. By analysing positive and negative aspects of job quality in different countries and societies, the report provides a way to look beyond national explanations, to see how some groups of workers are affected more than others and understand the particular issues for women workers around the world - in support of evidence-based policymaking to improve job quality.

Despite vast differences in economic structure, labour markets and development, 1.2 billion workers in 41 countries across the globe face common challenges and concerns: (1) women continue to face the most significant challenges; they earn significantly less than men and work more hours than men overall; (2) wide-scale differences in job quality in all countries are evident, reflecting the different nature of work across sectors, occupations and workplaces; (3) job insecurity is widespread and at least 30 per cent report being in a job without career prospects; (4) exposure to physical risks is still frequent across all countries, with repetitive hand and arm movements most reported; (5) working time differences are stark across the countries and regions covered with long working days common for over a third of workers; and (6) 70 per cent of all workers report a largely supportive social environment at work and high levels of satisfaction with their immediate supervisors.

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