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In this paper, the authors propose a framework to highlight the interrelationships of different factors that affect inclusive work and economic security. The proposed approach recognises: (1) different lived experiences of the job market and forms of economic and social participation; (2) multiple levels of response to unemployment, underemployment and labour market disadvantage, ranging from small-scale programs to macroeconomic policy; and (3) the importance of both short and long-term perspectives on these issues. The framework provides an analytical and organising model for the Brotherhood of St Laurence's research, policy and service development work. By illuminating different levels and domains, the framework enables a focus on labour market disadvantage and economic insecurity whilst recognising broader systemic and structural influences on these issues.

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Some jobseeker groups experience difficulty in securing employment due to perceived gaps in their employable skills, qualifications or experience. Others are effectively 'screened out' during recruitment processes on the basis of their gender, race, ethnicity, language, age or disability. Labour market participation for these groups is affected by the human resource practices of employers, as well as the nature of support they may receive to address perceived 'employability' gaps. In contrast, 'inclusive employment' can be defined as all efforts that promote fair and equitable access to decent employment, ensuring satisfactory pay and conditions, career prospects and opportunities for social integration. [This study investigates] the advantages and limitations of 'toolkits' for influencing more inclusive employment practices.

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