Traditionally, gender was the range of socially constructed roles, behaviours, activities, and attributes pertaining to, and differentiating between, masculinity and femininity. However, this definition has become far more nuanced and complex with many terms for gender now used by people to identify themselves. In education and employment, gender often appears in discussions of equality, particularly gender discrimination, which continues to be an underlying problem. Though more apparent in developing countries where socioeconomic and cultural aspects play a significant role, gender discrimination can affect people globally at community, government and institutional levels. Programs that increase gender equality, whilst accommodating social norms, appear to encourage economic and sustainable development whilst reducing exploitation. Rights, resources, opportunities, protections and specific ways of learning according to gender are main areas of focus in the research.