Business start-ups and youth self-employment in Poland: a policy literature review

In Poland, there is no unanimous definition of what self-employment is, and in some interpretations three main forms of doing such work are distinguished. One of them is a job contract (governed by the Polish Labour Code). The second form is doing work activities personally (governed by the Polish Civil Code and based on a fee-for-task agreement, a job order contract, a contract to perform a specified task, etc.) The third form is running one's own business (governed by the Economic Freedom Act and based on a cooperation agreement). The general understanding of self-employment involves running one's own company. A key priority of Polish governments' policy is strengthening entrepreneurship through a variety of supporting programmes that have been launched in Poland. The self-employed can obtain not only financial support but also know-how and avail of facilities for running a business. The main aid programmes are presented in section two. Being self-employed in Poland allows an individual to pay lower taxes, insurance fees and gives them an opportunity to work in a competency and interest related occupation.

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