The case of the Norwegian VET: origins and early development 1860-1930

The issue of vocational education and training (VET) has not been much related to a possible Nordic model of VET. Instead, the differences between the Nordic countries in VET policies and VET institutions have been emphasized in most VET typologies. Systematic comparative studies of the historical formation of VET institutions and policies in the Nordic countries have not yet been carried out. This article traces the origins of this vocational modernization process in Norway in the period 1860-1930. Central is the identification of sequences and timing of the development as well as...  [+] Show more

The issue of vocational education and training (VET) has not been much related to a possible Nordic model of VET. Instead, the differences between the Nordic countries in VET policies and VET institutions have been emphasized in most VET typologies. Systematic comparative studies of the historical formation of VET institutions and policies in the Nordic countries have not yet been carried out. This article traces the origins of this vocational modernization process in Norway in the period 1860-1930. Central is the identification of sequences and timing of the development as well as driving forces, key stakeholders and evolving interest coalitions and political regimes behind the development of VET. Key findings are that employers were divided when it came to VET issues and that the liberal state was not suitable for overcoming collective action problems. Education policies were more attuned to national building and general education than vocational training. Industrial training remained the business of industry.

Published abstract.