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Skill profiles of France, Germany, the Netherlands, Portugal, Sweden and the UK

This article provides an analysis of the skills profile in six European countries using Labour Force and other nati... Show more
This article provides an analysis of the skills profile in six European countries using Labour Force and other national survey data. The stock levels and changes in the stock of skills of the population over the period 1985-1998 for these countries are examined with particular reference to the low-skilled. The aim is to establish the extent of low skills in these countries and to chart the progress in reducing the stock of low skills in the workforce of each of these countries. Show less

Authors: Murray, Asa; Steedman, Hilary

Date: 2001

Geographic subjects: Europe; France; Germany ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Article

Journal title: Vocational training European journal

Subjects: Youth; Workforce development; Employment ... [+] Show more
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Regional differences in initial labour market conditions and dynamics in lifetime income trajectories

We use longitudinal register data from Sweden to study patterns and dynamics in lifetime income trajectories. We ex... Show more
We use longitudinal register data from Sweden to study patterns and dynamics in lifetime income trajectories. We examine divergences in these income trajectories by local economic conditions at labour market entry, in combination with other factors such as gender, education level and socio-economic background. We cannot assume that these relationships are constant over the course of individuals' working lives. Therefore, we use methods from functional data analysis, allowing for a time-varying relationship between income and the explanatory variables.
Our results show a large degree of heterogeneity in how lifetime income trajectories develop for different subgroups. We find that, for men, entering the labour market in an urban area is associated with higher cumulative lifetime income, especially later in life. The exception is men with only primary education, for whom those starting their working lives in a large city have lower incomes on average. This divergence increases in size over time. Women who enter into a large urban labour market receive higher lifetime income at all education levels. This relationship is strongest for women with primary education but decreases in strength over time for these women.
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Authors: Ecker, Kreske; de Luna, Xavier; Westerlund, Olle

Date: 2022

Geographic subjects: Sweden; Europe

Resource type: Article

Journal title: Longitudinal and life course studies

Subjects: Labour market; Gender; Income
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Young people without an upper secondary education in Sweden: their home background, school and labour market experiences

In the context of the expansion of upper secondary education, young people without an upper secondary education mig... Show more
In the context of the expansion of upper secondary education, young people without an upper secondary education might be considered an at-risk group in the labour market. The present investigation is a longitudinal study of career both in school and at work for young people without upper secondary education. The study is part of a nationwide school research project, in which a national sample of pupils (9000) has been followed from the age of 13 through their school careers. Employment data were collected via a questionnaire given to young people without upper secondary education in 1991 when they were 23-24 years old. The results show that even though 97 per cent of the age cohort applied to upper secondary school in their final year of compulsory school, about one-fifth lacked an upper secondary education at the age of 20. The dominant pattern of young people without upper secondary education was a blue-collar home background, extensive special education, low and declining school achievements, and low self-esteem. A similar pattern also characterised the comparison group with a two-year vocational education in upper secondary school. Their school achievements were, however, not quite so low as for young people without upper secondary education. Although the majority of young people without upper secondary school had great difficulties in school they never experienced real unemployment but entered the regular labour market no later than at age 20. The context of these findings is the long economic boom of the 1980s.
Published abstract reprinted by permission of the copyright owner.
This author presented a paper at the ECER 99 conference held in Lahti, Finland, September 22-25 1999, indexed at TD/TNC 62.584. Show less

Authors: Murray, Asa

Date: 1997

Geographic subjects: Europe; Sweden

Resource type: Article

Journal title: Scandinavian journal of educational research

Subjects: Youth; Providers of education and training; Secondary education ... [+] Show more
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Skills and inclusive growth in Sweden

A highly skilled workforce is crucial to sustain competitiveness and contain the rise in income inequality. Recent ... Show more
A highly skilled workforce is crucial to sustain competitiveness and contain the rise in income inequality. Recent surveys of adult skills and educational performance suggest that younger cohorts are doing less well than their predecessors. Many immigrants struggle both in school and in the labour market partly because of low skills and language difficulties. Educational outcomes could be improved through raising the attractiveness of the teacher profession, improving teacher education and increasing support for struggling students. A more flexible labour market would facilitate access to jobs for youth with low qualifications and immigrants.
Published abstract reprinted by permission of the copyright owner. Show less

Authors: Pareliussen, Jon K.; Bussi, Margherita; Andre, Christophe; Koen, Vincent

Date: 2015

Geographic subjects: Sweden; Europe

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: OECD Economics Department working papers

Subjects: Equity; Qualifications; Migration ... [+] Show more
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Participation in adult education and training in countries with high and low participation rates: demand and barriers

This paper explores patterns in participation in adult education and training (AET) by comparing five countries wit... Show more
This paper explores patterns in participation in adult education and training (AET) by comparing five countries with high participation rates (the Nordic countries and the Netherlands) with three countries with significantly lower participation rates (France, Poland and the Slovak Republic). Using [OECD's Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies] PIAAC data the paper examines differences in the levels of demand for AET as well as variations in barriers to AET participation between the two groups of countries. The demand for AET is higher than the actual participation rate since it includes those who do not participate although they wish to. The demand for AET is substantially higher in countries with high participation rates. Further, the structure and level of barriers is quite similar in the two groups of countries. Countries with low AET participation rate do not have a higher proportion of individuals reporting barriers to AET participation; that they do not participate in AET although they wish to. In both groups of countries demand for AET is strongly associated with the individuals' educational level. The findings are discussed by drawing on previous studies on drivers of and barriers to participation in AET.
Published abstract reprinted by permission of the copyright owner.
This article is part of a special issue entitled 'Work-related training and workplace learning: Nordic perspectives and European comparisons', guest edited by Tarja Irene Tikkanen, Liv Anne Storen, and Elisabeth Hovdhaugen. Show less

Authors: Hovdhaugen, Elisabeth; Opheim, Vibeke

Date: 2018

Geographic subjects: Europe; France; Poland ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Article

Series name: Special issue: Work-related training and workplace learning: Nordic perspectives and European comparisons

Journal title: International journal of lifelong education

Subjects: Participation; Workforce development
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Who are the bachelor's and master's graduates?

Graduation rates for bachelor's and master's degrees have dramatically increased over the past two decades, with si... Show more
Graduation rates for bachelor's and master's degrees have dramatically increased over the past two decades, with six million bachelor's degrees and three million master's degrees awarded in OECD countries in 2013. Although women represent over half of the graduates at the bachelor's and master's level, they are still strikingly under-represented in the fields of sciences and engineering. The proportion of international students rises with every level of tertiary education: while seven per cent of bachelor's graduates were international students in 2013, the figure increases to 18 per cent among those awarded a master's degree.
Published abstract reprinted by permission of the copyright owner. Show less

Corporate authors: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

Date: 2016

Geographic subjects: Africa;

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: OECD education indicators in focus

Subjects: Qualifications; Demographics; Gender ... [+] Show more
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Formal qualifications and individuals' skills: evidence from the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC)

The role played by the educational system regarding the provision of adequate skills is indisputable. Cognitive ski... Show more
The role played by the educational system regarding the provision of adequate skills is indisputable. Cognitive skills, which are the key for successful participation in the labour market, in social and civic activities and in further education and training, are mainly developed through formal education attainment at young ages. As educational attainment increases, individuals are exposed to higher levels of training and should develop greater abilities and be more skilful at processing information. Thus, the aim of this technical briefing is to look into and compare the distribution of educational attainment and the level of skills by country, as a starting point to assess the efficiency of the different educational systems in providing the appropriate level of skills to citizens.
Abstract from publisher's website. Show less

Authors: Toscano, Maria Esperanza Vera; Meroni, Elena

Date: 2014

Geographic subjects: Europe; Austria; Belgium ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: JRC technical report

Subjects: Skills and knowledge; Teaching and learning; Outcomes ... [+] Show more
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Changes on the labour market for young men and women with and without vocational training in Sweden

The European Conference on Educational Research (ECER) is organised annually by the European Educational Research A... Show more
The European Conference on Educational Research (ECER) is organised annually by the European Educational Research Association (EERA) to provide a European forum on discourse about the latest research findings on education in Europe and world-wide. This conference aims to foster mutual work and communication amongst researchers in Europe and encourage dialogue between researchers and those involved in decision-making in both policy and practice fields.
This paper looks at why young men and women without further education and training are seen as a group at risk in Sweden. The author emphasises that most young people without further education and training have limited work experience and do not have formal qualifications. This study investigates the labour market situation in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s for young men and women without further education and training. They are compared with young men and women with a two-year vocational education and training from upper secondary school who have a similar socio-economic background. The aim of the study is to identify if the gap between these groups is widening, and whether unemployment in the 1990s affected young men and women with vocational training just as hard as young men and women without further education and training.
There is an article in the Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research by this author and related to this study, indexed at TD/TNC 62.227. Show less

Authors: Murray, Asa

Conference name: European Conference on Educational Research (ECER)

Date: 1999

Geographic subjects: Europe; Sweden

Resource type: Conference paper

Subjects: Vocational education and training; Youth; Gender ... [+] Show more
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The evolution of socio-economic disparities in literacy skills from age 15 to age 27 in 20 countries

This study contributes to the literature by examining the evolution of socio-economic disparities in literacy skill... Show more
This study contributes to the literature by examining the evolution of socio-economic disparities in literacy skills between age 15 and 27. It uses combined cross-sectional data from the Programme for International Student Assessment [PISA] and the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies [PIAAC] in 20 countries and adopts a synthetic cohort approach. In the article we examine if there are differences in the evolution of socio-economic disparities in literacy between the teenage years and young adulthood among high-achieving students (90th percentile) and among low-achieving students (10th percentile) and compare differences across education systems. We used parental education as an indicator of socio-economic status. Findings indicate that on average, disparities in literacy skills observed at age 15 widen by 15 per cent of a standard deviation by age 27. Such increase is determined by a more pronounced growth in achievement among individuals with tertiary educated parents than among individuals whose parents did not complete tertiary education. The increase in socio-economic gaps between age 15 and 27 is more pronounced among low-achieving students. The group that improves the most between age 15 and 27 is low-achieving individuals with tertiary educated parents. We find that socio-economic differences in educational attainment, [not in education, employment or training] NEET status and use of skills at home and in the workplace explain a large part of socio-economic disparities in literacy achievement among young adults. Although countries with above-average disparities at age 15 tend to also display above-average disparities at age 27, we identify differences across countries.
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Authors: Borgonovi, Francesca; Pokropek, Artur

Date: 2021

Geographic subjects: Australia; New Zealand; Austria ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Article

Journal title: British educational research journal

Subjects: Literacy; Demographics; Youth ... [+] Show more
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Educational attainment in the OECD, 1960-2010: updated series and a comparison with other sources

This paper describes the construction of updated series on the educational attainment of the adult population for a... Show more
This paper describes the construction of updated series on the educational attainment of the adult population for a sample of 22 OECD countries covering the period 1960-2010. These series are then compared with (the OECD subsample of) the latest available version of other cross-country data sets on average years of schooling that are commonly used in the literature. Finally, statistical measures of the information content of the different series are constructed using the procedure developed by Krueger and Lindhal (K&L, 2001) and de la Fuente and Domenech (D&D, 2006). The exercise shows that there are important differences in quality across data sets and suggests that successive revisions have succeeded in increasing their signal to noise ratios.
Published abstract reprinted by permission of the copyright owner. Show less

Authors: Fuente, Angel de la; Domenech, Rafael

Date: 2015

Geographic subjects: Asia; Japan; Europe ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Article

Journal title: Economics of education review

Subjects: Outcomes; Skills and knowledge; Teaching and learning ... [+] Show more

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