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Adult education and training programs for older adults in the US: national results and cross-national comparisons using PIAAC data

Continuous learning over the life course is necessary to effectively compete in a knowledge-based global economy. S... Show more
Continuous learning over the life course is necessary to effectively compete in a knowledge-based global economy. Shifts in the age structure of the US labor force combined with increased labor force participation among older adults add to the importance of gaining a better understanding of how adult education and training (AET) influences labor market outcomes for middle-aged and older workers. This study used data from the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) and the Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) to examine the relationship in the US between participation in AET programs and employment, labor force participation, income, and net worth for adults aged 45 to 65. Participation in an AET program in the 12 months preceding the survey significantly improved the log odds of both employment and labor force participation and significantly improved the log odds of moving up one income quintile. Lower income groups and the unemployed were less likely to participate in AET than higher income groups and the employed. [The authors] also compared outcomes of AET participation in the US with those in Germany, Japan, Sweden, and the UK and examined policies for lifelong learning in those countries. Show less

Authors: Cummins, Phyllis A.; Kunkel, Suzanne R.; Walker, Ryan Michael

Date: 2015

Geographic subjects: United States; North America; Germany ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Subjects: Adult and community education; Demographics; Lifelong learning ... [+] Show more
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Foreign help wanted: easing Japan's labor shortages

Data and anecdotal evidence suggest that Japan is suffering from labor shortages, which are large in an internation... Show more
Data and anecdotal evidence suggest that Japan is suffering from labor shortages, which are large in an international perspective, have a negative impact on potential growth, and reduce the effectiveness of monetary and fiscal stimulus. This paper focuses on policy options to ease Japan's labor shortages. In particular, we focus on possible measures to increase reliance on foreign labor. Other policy recommendations to deal with shortages include policies aimed at increasing female labor participation, encouraging wage growth, increasing investment, as well as training and other active labor market policies.
Published abstract. Show less

Authors: Ganelli, Giovanni; Miake, Naoko

Date: 2015

Geographic subjects: Japan; Asia

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: IMF working paper

Subjects: Labour market; Migration; Policy
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Preparing for AI: the implications of artificial intelligence for jobs and skills in Asian economies

Artificial intelligence (AI) could have far-reaching effects on economies and societies in Asia. In Southeast Asia ... Show more
Artificial intelligence (AI) could have far-reaching effects on economies and societies in Asia. In Southeast Asia alone, firms that proactively adopt AI reported up to 15 per cent higher profit margins than the industry average across different industry sectors, and AI adoption has risen rapidly in a short period of time from 8 per cent of businesses in 2017 to 14 per cent in 2018. However, little is still known about the impact of AI on the future of work in the region. What is the impact on jobs? What skills will be valuable in the future? How can governments, employers and civil society actors help unlock the value of AI and propel Asian economies into the future, while mitigating potential risks? To address these questions, Microsoft commissioned AlphaBeta to develop this research to analyse the existing evidence base on AI across 11 countries in Asia. In addition to reviewing evidence of the impact to jobs and skills, this report also offers more than 40 regional examples of policies and programs which hold lessons for how Asian countries may respond to the implications of AI for work.
Abstract from publisher's website. Show less

Corporate authors: AlphaBeta (Firm)

Date: 2019

Geographic subjects: Asia; Oceania; Australia ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Subjects: Technology; Skills and knowledge; Employment ... [+] Show more
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International Women's Day: PwC Women in Work Index [2013 UK version]

The [PricewaterhouseCoopers] PwC Women in Work (WIW) Index shows that, in 2011, the UK was in 18th position out of ... Show more
The [PricewaterhouseCoopers] PwC Women in Work (WIW) Index shows that, in 2011, the UK was in 18th position out of [the] sample of 27 OECD countries. The Nordic countries were in the lead, with Norway in pole position, followed by Sweden, Denmark and Finland. The UK has seen improvements between 2000 and 2011 in all indicators apart from the proportion of female employees in full-time jobs. But the UK's relative position has deteriorated from 13th in 2000 to 18th in 2011 as five other countries (the Netherlands, Austria, Belgium, Poland and Germany) have made more significant gains since 2000. In 2011, the UK's best-performing area was the overall rate of female labour force participation, and its worst performing was the share of female employees in full-time jobs. Norway's strengths lie in its high female labour force participation and the low gender gap between female and male participation in the labour force. The UK performs relatively better on female representation in the boardroom than on [the] Index for the labour market as a whole. But [the UK] still lag[s] well behind top performers on female boardroom representation such as Sweden and, in particular, Norway.
Excerpt from publication. Show less

Corporate authors: PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC)

Date: 2013

Geographic subjects: Asia; Japan; Korea ... [+] Show more Republic">Czech Republic; Britain">Great Britain; East">Middle East; America">North America; States">United States; Zealand [-] Show less

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: PwC Women in Work Index

Subjects: Gender; Employment; Participation ... [+] Show more
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International labour market update: February 2024

The International Labour Market Updates provide key labour market data for Australia and selected overseas countrie... Show more
The International Labour Market Updates provide key labour market data for Australia and selected overseas countries and country groups. This quarterly report shows that: (1) Labour markets remained tight in the second half of 2023 and global shortages were high in the care, transport, retail, manufacturing, construction, and information and communications technology sectors; (2) In the December quarter 2023, job vacancies remained above pre- [Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)] pandemic levels in most high income economies; and (3) The International Labour Organisation forecasts global unemployment rates will rise modestly in 2024 because of increased joblessness in advance economies.
Edited excerpt from publisher's website. Show less

Corporate authors: Jobs and Skills Australia (JSA)

Date: 2024

Geographic subjects: Australia; New Zealand; Oceania ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Statistical series

Series name: Labour market update (Jobs and Skills Australia)

Subjects: Labour market; Industry; Economics ... [+] Show more
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Labour force statistics 1977-1997 = Statistiques de la population active 1977-1997

The Statistics Directorate of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) publishes data whic... Show more
The Statistics Directorate of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) publishes data which assist in analysing economic developments at all levels: national accounts, foreign trade, labour force, short-term statistics and leading cyclical indicators. This publication provides data for the short-term evaluation of major labour force components and employment by sector. For each country there are two pages of graphs presenting statistics for the last ten years and two pages showing the corresponding quarterly figures for the last six-year period. The most recent available figures are indicated for the following countries: Australia, Austria, Canada, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Korea, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States.
‘Labour force statistics 1981-2001’ is indexed at TD/TNC 71.286. Show less

Corporate authors: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

Date: 1998

Geographic subjects: Oceania; North America; Asia ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Statistical series

Series name: OECD labour force statistics

Subjects: Statistics; Labour market; Participation ... [+] Show more
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International labour market update: September 2023

This update provides key labour market data for Australia and selected overseas countries and country groups. The r... Show more
This update provides key labour market data for Australia and selected overseas countries and country groups. The report also includes current and emerging global skill shortages. The publication notes: (1) labour supply and skill shortages are high across the global economy; (2) while most countries have seen a recovery in GDP growth since the pandemic, growth has slowed for most advanced economies in 2023; and (3) job vacancies have grown significantly beyond pre-COVID [Coronavirus Disease 2019] levels for Australia and other English speaking countries. While vacancies are beginning to taper off in 2023, they remain at substantially higher levels for Australia and the United States.
Edited excerpt from publisher's website. Show less

Corporate authors: Jobs and Skills Australia (JSA)

Date: 2023

Geographic subjects: Australia; New Zealand; Oceania ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Statistical series

Series name: Labour market update (Jobs and Skills Australia)

Subjects: Labour market; Economics; Employment ... [+] Show more
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Non-regular female workers in Japan's prolonged economic recession: evidence from the Japanese Panel Survey of Consumers

Using the 1993-2014 Japanese Panel Survey of Consumers, this paper examined labour force participation and earnings... Show more
Using the 1993-2014 Japanese Panel Survey of Consumers, this paper examined labour force participation and earnings of female workers with non-regular employment by birth cohort. The results confirmed that age and experience generally increased labour force participation of female workers with non-regular employment. Education and parents' cohabitation with financial sharing reduced labour force participation of part-time female employees, while being married and having children increased it. The reverse results were evident for female employees with fixed-term employment. Estimates also showed that female workers with non-regular employment earnt less than those with regular employment; however, variations in wage differentials across generations were more prominent for female workers with fixed-term employment than those with part-time employment. The returns to education decreased as a cohort progressed, the experience premiums were apparent only for the young cohorts, and an age premium was nonexistent across generations among Japanese female workers.
Published abstract. Show less

Authors: Tashiro, Sanae

Date: 2017

Geographic subjects: Japan; Asia

Resource type: Article

Journal title: Australian journal of labour economics

Subjects: Employment; Participation; Gender ... [+] Show more
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Investing in the skills of tomorrow: avoiding a spiralling skills crisis: the Hays Global Skills Index 2018

The Hays Global Skills Index (the 'Index') is an annual assessment of the trends impacting skilled labour markets a... Show more
The Hays Global Skills Index (the 'Index') is an annual assessment of the trends impacting skilled labour markets and examines the dynamics at play across 33 markets, determining how easy or difficult it is for organisations to find the skilled professionals they need. The seventh edition of the Index sheds new light on the multiple pressures facing today's labour markets around the world. These include: growing talent mismatch; the widespread productivity puzzle; ageing populations; gender pay gaps; and shrinking share of the national income for workers.
As ever, the picture is complex. While global economic growth is forecast to increase this year, that trend has not been matched by widespread growth in the productivity or wages of global workforces. This report highlights a number of factors that may be contributing to this sluggishness; a key example is the growing talent mismatches between the skills workers possess and those desired by employers. This is a trend identified in almost half of the 33 markets assessed in this Index - indeed, of the 17 European countries with data on job vacancies, no fewer than 16 have showed a rise in their rate of unfilled employment vacancies this year - a key indicator of talent mismatches.
But that's only one element of the story. This report also investigates the global productivity puzzle, which has seen labour productivity levels particularly in Europe and the Middle East grow at rates far below their pre-financial crisis levels. While this was to be expected in the immediate aftermath of the crisis, the fact that productivity has not bounced back during the subsequent economic recovery is more surprising. Some countries appear to be stuck in a low growth trap, whereby weak productivity growth has led to reduced investment in labour and capital, further weakening overall productivity levels - with troubling knock-on effects for workers. But there are also longer-term trends to consider, notably countries' ageing populations. This report also explores what causes such marked differences in the average working hours of countries featured in the Index, and the significant gender gaps that endure in everything from average wages to opportunities for promotion.
Another serious issue of concern is the shrinking share of national income that workers receive, which has been linked to the effects of globalisation and the increasing introduction of robots, Al and machine learning. But again, as this report explains, this is not a one-size-fits-all issue. In some industrial sectors and geographical regions, the advent of Al and robotics may potentially boost the productivity of workers. This is, in part, because technological innovation cuts the cost of producing goods and services, raising the purchasing power of consumers whose extra spending creates new jobs. In other sectors and regions, however, it is having a clear, negative impact on jobs and wage growth. Overall, a key challenge for policymakers must be to try to ensure their citizens possess the right skills to take advantage of whatever new opportunities emerge in this fast-changing work landscape.
Edited excerpts from publication. Show less

Corporate authors: Hays (Firm)

Date: 2018

Geographic subjects: Asia; Oceania; Europe ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Statistical series

Series name: Hays Global Skills Index

Subjects: Labour market; Participation; Gender ... [+] Show more
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Older workers in Japan: the present situation and the future challenges

This chapter evaluates recent developments in employment extension for older workers in Japan and presents the chal... Show more
This chapter evaluates recent developments in employment extension for older workers in Japan and presents the challenges for the future. Successive governments have developed a consistent strategy aiming at extending the mandatory retirement age, known as 'Teinen'. The first section of this chapter provides a statistical review of the current situation of older workers. The second section analyses qualitative aspects of the continuous employment scheme. The third section presents challenges ahead from a wider perspective.
Excerpts from publication. Show less

Authors: Oka, Masato

Date: 2013

Geographic subjects: Japan; Asia

Resource type: Book chapter

Series name: Globalization and welfare

Subjects: Employment; Governance; Policy ... [+] Show more

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