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Trade union involvement in skills development: an international review

This report seeks to improve our understanding of the involvement of trade unions in the domain of TVET and skills ... Show more
This report seeks to improve our understanding of the involvement of trade unions in the domain of TVET and skills development at the national, sectoral and enterprise levels. It does this through case studies of ten countries at different stages of development and with different traditions of unionism and social dialogue.
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Authors: Bridgford, Jeff

Date: 2017

Geographic subjects: Argentina; Brazil; South America ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Subjects: Vocational education and training; Skills and knowledge; Teaching and learning ... [+] Show more
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A comparative study of the engineering soft skills required by Moroccan job market

This paper aims at comparing the soft skills required by Moroccan employers to those developed in engineering schoo... Show more
This paper aims at comparing the soft skills required by Moroccan employers to those developed in engineering schools in order to improve engineers' employability. On the one hand, soft skills needed for the job market integration are defined using a mixed method belonging to sequential exploratory design. On the other hand, educational curricula are examined to determine if they meet the workplace requirements. This study is strengthened by including findings collected by interviewing professionals about the level of soft skills development among newly graduated engineers.
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Authors: Chaibate, Hind; Hadek, Amine; Ajana, Souad; Bakkali, Soumia ... [+] Show more

Date: 2020

Geographic subjects: Morocco; Africa

Resource type: Article

Journal title: International journal of higher education

Subjects: Skills and knowledge; Providers of education and training; Employment ... [+] Show more
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Education to employment: designing a system that works

Worldwide, young people are three times more likely than their parents to be out of work. In Greece, Spain, and Sou... Show more
Worldwide, young people are three times more likely than their parents to be out of work. In Greece, Spain, and South Africa, more than half of young people are unemployed, and jobless levels of 25 per cent or more are common in Europe, the Middle East, and Northern Africa. In the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, more than one in eight of all 15- to 24-year-olds are not in employment, education, or training (NEET). Around the world, the International Labour Organization estimates that 75 million young people are unemployed. Including estimates of underemployed youth would potentially triple this number. This represents not just a gigantic pool of untapped talent; it is also a source of social unrest and individual despair. Paradoxically, there is a critical skills shortage at the same time. Across the nine countries that are the focus of this report (Brazil, Germany, India, Mexico, Morocco, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, the United Kingdom, and the United States), only 43 per cent of employers surveyed agreed that they could find enough skilled entry-level workers. This problem is not likely to be a temporary blip; in fact, it will probably get much worse. The McKinsey Global Institute estimates that by 2020 there will be a global shortfall of 85 million high- and middle-skilled workers. The education, employment, social, and political systems of these nine countries span a wide spectrum. It is observed, however, that certain preferences and practices pertain across borders. By studying these commonalities and outcomes, the report is able to define global segments of young people and employers in much the same way that consumer-product companies define segments of different kinds of shoppers. The attitudes and behaviors that matter most begin to emerge. This analysis is central to the way this issue is understood, and it represents a new way of thinking about how to address the twin crises of joblessness and the skills shortage. The journey from education to employment is a complicated one, and it is natural that there will be different routes. But too many young people are getting lost along the way.
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Authors: Mourshed, Mona; Farrell, Diana; Barton, Dominic

Date: 2012

Geographic subjects: Brazil; South America; Germany ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Subjects: Employment; Youth; Skills and knowledge ... [+] Show more
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The next normal: the changing workplace in Africa

For economies, enterprises and workers across Africa, the [Coronavirus Disease 2019] COVID-19 pandemic has brought ... Show more
For economies, enterprises and workers across Africa, the [Coronavirus Disease 2019] COVID-19 pandemic has brought about unprecedented changes to the workplace. Some of these changes have been immediate, such as disruptions to supply chains or lockdowns that forced enterprises to close. Other changes - and perhaps the more significant ones - are long-term, with the COVID-19 pandemic reshaping and accelerating existing trends in workplace change. At its core, the pandemic has fundamentally altered where and how people work, upending many long-standing norms and practices. Enterprises and workers have made many changes, often out of necessity, though they have regularly brought unexpected improvements in productivity or working conditions.
This report documents these changes and examines how enterprises from across Africa view and respond to them. It has been developed with support from the Bureau for Employers Activities of the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the ILO Regional Office for Africa, in partnership with employer and business membership organizations (EBMOs) from across Africa. The research covers fifteen countries in Africa, and takes a mixed-methods approach. One component is a survey conducted from June to November 2021 covering 1,017 formal sector enterprises, most of whom are members of EBMOs. Collectively, they employ some 750,000 workers. This is complemented by a broad-based literature review and 126 key informant interviews, mostly with top management and human resources professionals from the private sector. In addition, we conducted five in-depth case studies with multinational enterprises, each having operations in at least five African countries. While these various sources of information do not cover all parts of every economy in Africa, they provide deep and broad insights about how workplaces at urban, formal enterprises in Africa are changing.
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Corporate authors: International Labour Office. Bureau for Employers' Activities (ACT/EMP)

Date: 2022

Geographic subjects: Africa; Cameroon; Comoros ... [+] Show more d'Ivoire">Cote d'Ivoire; for Congo (Democratic Republic)">Congo (Democratic Republic); Africa; [-] Show less

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Subjects: Employment; Labour market; Management ... [+] Show more
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MEDA Maroc's 100 Hours to Success impact evaluation: baseline study

MEDA Maroc's 100 Hours to Success program provides Moroccan youth with 100 hours of training in basic life skills, ... Show more
MEDA Maroc's 100 Hours to Success program provides Moroccan youth with 100 hours of training in basic life skills, entrepreneurship skills and financial management skills, with the aim of improving young peoples' chances to either enter wage employment or start their own business. The program helps to fill gaps between skills gained in school and the demands of the labour market. The program aims to provide youth with a stronger foundation on which to make the transition from school to work or to establish their own businesses, in a country where youth unemployment rates are fairly high and where the effort to secure one's first job can take up to two years.
The goal of this evaluative study is to assess the net gains that accrue to beneficiaries and whether participants have demonstrably improved outcomes in terms of employment and self-employment. As such, the study will seek to quantify differences between participants and a comparable group of non-participants in regard to employment and entrepreneurship activity following the program, including not only rates of activity but duration of job search (and/or business start-up), wages and income, and various aspects of job quality. The study also analysed the potential impact of the program on employability, including issues of self-efficacy, confidence, perception of abilities in regard to various soft skills, and attainment of more tangible skills related to language and computer usage. Finally, the analysis investigated potential improvements in savings behaviour and the ability of beneficiaries to manage finances, whether at the personal or business level. In analysing each of the above issues, [the authors] are mindful of potential differential outcomes in regard to age, gender, educational attainment, familial income and urban/rural residence.
Excerpts from publication.
Organised by the International Labour Organization in partnership with Silatech, Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab and the Arab Urban Development Institute, the symposium, held on 6-8 March 2014 in Doha, brought together policy makers and practitioners with academics and researchers to present and discuss the evidence base for 'what works' in increasing the employment and productivity of youth. Discussants shared recent findings of impact evaluations from the Middle East and North Africa region and other developing regions. Participants were also introduced to evidence from systematic and literature reviews which are important for evidence based policy creation. This report was one of the background documents to the symposium. Show less

Authors: Arcand, Jean-Louis; Dyer, Paul; Puerto, Susana; Gardiner, Drew ... [+] Show more

Conference name: Doha Evidence Symposium: Increasing Youth Productivity in the Middle East and North Africa

Date: 2013

Geographic subjects: Morocco; Africa

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Subjects: Youth; Employment; Evaluation ... [+] Show more
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Enabling success: supporting youth in MENA in their transition from learning to decent work

Young people throughout the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region continue to struggle with the difficult, and... Show more
Young people throughout the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region continue to struggle with the difficult, and often delayed, transition 'from learning to earning', let alone finding decent work. Young people must navigate a myriad of bottlenecks and obstacles in their efforts to secure meaningful employment with decent wages, working conditions, and clear pathways for career advancement. Over the past three decades, governments across the region have introduced a range of policies and programmes aimed at addressing youth transitions to employment. However, most of these efforts have been limited in scope and, in the aggregate, have not had much success in moving the needle on core development outcomes.
This report is an initiative of the International Labour Organization (ILO) Regional Office for the Arab States and the UNICEF Regional Office for the Middle East and North Africa, in collaboration with the European Training Foundation (ETF). The report forms part of a joint effort to seek young people's voices and inputs, along with other stakeholders' suggestions, to find ways to address the bottlenecks hindering young people's transition to the labour market. The report suggests that youth are confronted with deficits in opportunity, skills, and agency and that educational reform efforts need to go further. Job creation must be a priority and support for transitioning is key, for example, career guidance, opportunities to gain work experience before their first real job, subsidized internship programs administered through the employer, and subsidized services that young people need to access employment opportunities, such as financial support for transportation and childcare.
The analytical work and the drafting of the final report have been conducted by Legacy Social Development Advisory. The study was originally commissioned to generate evidence and recommendations for presentation at the MENA Regional High-Level Meeting on Young People's Learning, Skilling and Transition to Decent Work held in Amman, Jordan on 23-24 May 2022.
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Corporate authors: Legacy Social Development Advisory (Organisation)

Conference name: MENA Regional High-Level Meeting on Young People's Learning, Skilling and Transition to Decent Work

Date: 2023

Geographic subjects: Middle East; Arab countries; Tunisia ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Subjects: Youth; Employment; Participation ... [+] Show more
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INAP international conference 2013: apprenticeship in a globalised world: premises, promises and pitfalls

The International Network on Innovative Apprenticeship (INAP) international conference for 2013 was held in Johanne... Show more
The International Network on Innovative Apprenticeship (INAP) international conference for 2013 was held in Johannesburg, South Africa from 23-24 April. Co-organised by Manufacturing, Engineering and Related Services Education and Training Authority (merSETA), Johannesburg, South Africa, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, National Skills Authority (NSA), Human Resource Development Council (HRDC), University of Zurich, Switzerland, European Research Network in Vocational Education and Training (VETNET), TVET Research Group, University of Bremen, Germany, the theme was 'Apprenticeship in a globalised world: premises, promised and pitfalls'. The keynote presentations were: Opening speech: Apprenticeship: the (South) African challenge and perspective / Mduduzi Manana; Keynote 1: Overcoming the work-inexperience gap through quality apprenticeships: the ILO's contribution / Christine Evans-Klock; Keynote 2: Apprenticeships in global, national, and local contexts: can INAP help bridge the gaps? / Robert I. Lerman; and Keynote 3: Rearranging the furniture?: shifting discourses on skills development and apprenticeship in South Africa / Volker Wedekind.
The proceedings from this conference are available in VOCEDplus at TD/TNC 113.1505. Show less

Corporate authors: International Network on Innovative Apprenticeship (INAP)

Conference name: International Network on Innovative Apprenticeship International Conference

Date: 2013

Geographic subjects: Benin; Egypt; Eswatini ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Conference

Subjects: Apprenticeship; Governance; Skills and knowledge ... [+] Show more
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Migrant support measures from an employment and skills perspective (MISMES): methodological note for the country studies

This methodological note has been developed within the project 'Migrant Support Measures from an Employment and Ski... Show more
This methodological note has been developed within the project 'Migrant Support Measures from an Employment and Skills Perspective' (MISMES). It is part of a series of reports presenting the main findings of the MISMES project - namely, a worldwide inventory of migrant support measures implemented in sending countries to facilitate labour mobility and increase the developmental effect of migration, and five in-depth studies in the countries which concluded mobility partnerships with the European Union (EU): Armenia, Georgia, Republic of Moldova, Morocco, and Tunisia. For the purpose of these reports, MISMES are defined as specific policy interventions - pre, during and post migration - aimed at improving the labour market integration of migrant workers or the matching of their skills. This methodological note aims to provide a common template and guidelines for the implementation of MISMES country case studies. The ultimate objective of these studies is to generate information not only to draw policy conclusions at national level, but also to allow for a systematic comparison of similar MISMES across countries.
Excerpts from publication. Show less

Authors: Martin, Ivan; Makaryan, Shushanik

Date: 2015

Geographic subjects: Africa; Morocco; Tunisia ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: Migrant support measures from an employment and skills perspective (MISMES)

Subjects: Migration; Employment; Skills and knowledge ... [+] Show more
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Skills mismatch measurement in ETF partner countries: cross-country report

Skills mismatch can be defined as a description of gaps and imbalances of the skills in the labour market due to ei... Show more
Skills mismatch can be defined as a description of gaps and imbalances of the skills in the labour market due to either qualification or skills levels. Surplus of human capital is typically measured in terms of over-education or over-skilling. However, surplus of education may also be related to horizontal (or field of study) mismatch, whereby workers are employed in jobs that are not relevant to the skills and knowledge they acquired in formal education. Skills mismatch problems in the labour market have been widely recognized by both current literature and policymakers. Skills mismatch indicators inform policies to improve the matching between labour demand and labour supply, making labour markets more efficient and reducing the wage penalties due to over-education or other types of mismatches. The skills mismatch indicators have been measured, so far, only for a limited number of the European Training Foundation (ETF) partner countries and they are not always comparable. The European Training Foundation (ETF) conducted a pilot initiative to investigate the feasibility of measuring the incidence of skills mismatch in a few partner countries (during 2017/18) [report available in VOCEDplus at TD/TNC 137.381].
Based on this work-strand, and after further refining the measurement framework, the ETF team framed and estimated the skills mismatch incidence in most partner countries in 2020/21. Countries included in the research were Albania, Armenia, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Egypt, Georgia, Jordan, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Palestine, Serbia, Tunisia, Turkey and Ukraine. This report provides an update and an extension of the previous work and examines commonalities across countries and compares skills mismatch indicators. The analysis following the choice and the construction of skills mismatch indicators provides a timely overview of this labour market issue which will be important for governments, stakeholders, and other stakeholders to shape future labour market policies.
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Authors: Kofol, Chiara; Kriechel, Ben; Nguyen, Truc; Vetter, Tim

Date: 2022

Geographic subjects: Europe; Asia; Central Asia ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: Skills mismatch measurement in ETF partner countries

Subjects: Skills and knowledge; Labour market; Outcomes ... [+] Show more
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The future of skills: a case study of the agri-food sector in Morocco

This report focuses on the agri-food sector in Morocco. Activities that take place in the agri-food sector in Moroc... Show more
This report focuses on the agri-food sector in Morocco. Activities that take place in the agri-food sector in Morocco are those which involve farming and the sale of products from Moroccan farms to final consumers. As such, it involves the processing of produce from Moroccan farms into food for sale. The sector includes agriculture and parts of the food processing sector but excludes forestry and fishing since they require a completely different set of skills to those of farming. The sector has relied on traditional technologies and associated skills for decades. Now, the challenges imposed by global trade and competition, climate change and sustainable farming, changing consumer behaviour and diffusion of affordable new technologies have all resulted in the sector undergoing a series of radical changes across the globe.
The capacity of the agri-food sector to be a driver of growth is dependent on it possessing, among other things, the human capital to facilitate the shift to more effective, environmentally sustainable production systems, and improved marketing and distribution which will afford better access to international markets. The overall aim of the study is to identify as far as possible the sector's emerging skills needs. From an occupational point of view, the focus has been on those job profiles and skills which are likely to be affected by ongoing and future technological change. The study provides an assessment of current and emerging skills demands in the sector resulting from these various changes affecting the sector.
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Authors: Apreda, Riccardo; Baltina, Liga; Campolmi, Riccardo; Fratalia, Chiara ... [+] Show more

Date: 2021

Geographic subjects: Morocco; Africa

Resource type: Industry information

Series name: Future skills industry case study

Subjects: Industry; Skills and knowledge; Labour market ... [+] Show more

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