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School-to-work transition: evidence from Nepal

To assist member States in building a knowledge base on youth employment, the ILO's Youth Employment Programme (YEP ... Show more
To assist member States in building a knowledge base on youth employment, the ILO's Youth Employment Programme (YEP) has designed a 'school-to-work transition survey' (SWTS). The SWTS was developed to quantify the relative ease or difficulty faced by young people in 'transiting' to a job that meets the basic criteria of 'decency', namely a job that provides the worker with a sense of permanency, security and personal satisfaction. This paper presents the results of the SWTS conducted in Nepal in 2005-06 in collaboration with New ERA as part of an ILO project on Promoting Decent and Productive Work for Young People. The report reveals shortcomings in both the capacity of the Nepalese economy to create sufficient demand for young labour and also in the capacity of the Nepalese education and training system to produce labour market entrants that meet the requirements of employers. Policymakers in Nepal have recognized the political urgency of responding to the challenge of youth employment and are currently committed to engage in a national tripartite dialogue to design and implement a National Action Plan (NAP) for Youth Employment.
Excerpts from published foreword. Show less

Corporate authors: International Labour Organisation (ILO) ... [+] Show more

Date: 2008

Geographic subjects: Asia; Nepal

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: Employment Sector employment working paper

Subjects: Vocational education and training; Youth; Outcomes ... [+] Show more
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Perspectives on policy and practice: tapping into the potential of big data for skills policy

This publication has been prepared by the interagency technical vocational education and training (TVET) group on s ... Show more
This publication has been prepared by the interagency technical vocational education and training (TVET) group on skill mismatch in digitised labour markets, to support experts and policy-makers who wish to engage in discussion on the potential of web-based big data for skills policy. It outlines how such data can be used to mitigate labour market challenges, reduce skills mismatches and strengthen the links between the labour market and education and training.
The focus is on overcoming conceptual and practical challenges and limitations, system development and using big data for skills policy in practice. Examples of big data initiatives from around the globe illustrate its potential and provide insight into how big data are already supporting policy-makers in shaping the futures of work and education.
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Corporate authors: European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training (Cedefop) ... [+] Show more

Date: 2021

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Subjects: Labour market; Skills and knowledge; Policy ... [+] Show more
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Tripartite Sector Skills Bodies

Tripartite Sector Skills Bodies (SSBs) aim to increase and strengthen the involvement of industry, both employers a ... Show more
Tripartite Sector Skills Bodies (SSBs) aim to increase and strengthen the involvement of industry, both employers and workers, in the way skill systems are governed and operate. SSBs have a long history in many countries and are now attracting renewed attention as more countries adopt a sectoral approach to skills development. Drawing on existing research on SSBs and ongoing ILO country level support to constituents as they establish or review sector skills bodies, this policy brief outlines some of the issues that need to be addressed when establishing and operating SSBs. The brief examines the different mandates and structures that have been adopted internationally and presents a number of key actions that will improve the likelihood of sustainable SSBs being established.
Excerpts from publication. Show less

Corporate authors: International Labour Organisation (ILO)

Date: 2021

Geographic subjects: Australia; Bangladesh; Barbados ... [+] Show more Britain; (South)">Korea (South); Africa; title="Search for Central America and the Caribbean">Central America and the Caribbean; America; America [-] Show less

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: ILO brief

Subjects: Skills and knowledge; Industry; Governance ... [+] Show more
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ILO monitor: COVID-19 and the world of work

The economic and labour crisis created by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic could increase global un ... Show more
The economic and labour crisis created by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic could increase global unemployment by almost 25 million, according to an ILO assessment. However, if we see an internationally coordinated policy response, as happened in the global financial crisis of 2008/9, then the impact on global unemployment could be significantly lower. These regular reports give a global overview of how countries are grappling with the employment and labour market effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent recovery.
Edited excerpt from publisher's website with additional information. Show less

Corporate authors: International Labour Organisation (ILO)

Date: 2023

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Subjects: Labour market; Employment; Culture and society ... [+] Show more
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Better use of skills in the workplace: why it matters for productivity and local jobs

This joint OECD-ILO report provides a comparative analysis of case studies focusing on improving skills use in the ... Show more
This joint OECD-ILO report provides a comparative analysis of case studies focusing on improving skills use in the workplace across eight countries. The examples provide insights into the practical ways in which employers interact with government services and policies at the local level. They highlight the need to build policy coherence across employment, skills, economic development and innovation policies, and underline the importance of ensuring that skills utilisation is built into policy development thinking and implementation.
Skills utilisation concerns the extent to which skills are effectively applied in the workplace to maximise workplace and individual performance. It involves a mix of policies including work organisation, job design, technology adaptation, innovation, employee-employer relations, human resource development practices and business-product market strategies. It is often at the local level that the interface of these factors can best be addressed.
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Corporate authors: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) ... [+] Show more

Date: 2017

Geographic subjects: Great Britain; Singapore; United States ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Subjects: Skills and knowledge; Workforce development; Policy ... [+] Show more
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Globalizing Europe: decent work in the information economy: report of the Director-General: vol. I

In this two volume report, the Director-General of the International Labour Organization (ILO) reviews the Organiza ... Show more
In this two volume report, the Director-General of the International Labour Organization (ILO) reviews the Organization’s activities in the European region over the last five years in the light of the ILO’s four strategic objectives: fundamental principles and rights at work; employment; social protection; and social dialogue. The central focus of the report is the impact of new information and communication technologies (ICTs) on the world of work and the issues which they raise for the ILO’s constituents in the region. The report suggests that the ‘skills gap’ in Europe’s ICT workforce may impede the growth of ICT industries and widen the digital divide between technologically rich and poor regions in Europe. The report provides the background for the regional meeting which is intended to provide a forum for tripartite delegations to discuss the ILO’s regional activities with respect to the impact of ICTs on work. The tripartite delegation from each country taking part in the meeting was composed of two government delegates, one employers’ delegate and one workers’ delegate. This first volume of the report explores the impact of information and communications technology (ICT) on some key areas of the European labour market and labour market institutions. The report begins with a discussion of ICT’s effects on the structures and behaviours of economic activity and examines the emerging debate over labour migration and its relationship with the unstructured spread of ICT and the accompanying labour shortages. This is followed by examples of strategies being used by workers’ and employers’ organisations to meet the challenges created by the growth of ICT. The effects of ICT-driven change on social protection are also discussed.
Volume two of the report is indexed at TD/TNC 69.531. Show less

Corporate authors: International Labour Organisation (ILO)

Conference name: International Labour Organisation European Regional Meeting

Date: 2000

Geographic subjects: Europe

Resource type: Conference

Series name: Report of the Director-General

Subjects: Migration; Equity; Globalisation ... [+] Show more
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G20 labour markets: outlook, key challenges and policy responses

This paper was prepared for the G20 Labour and Employment Ministerial Meeting held in Melbourne, Australia, 10-11 S ... Show more
This paper was prepared for the G20 Labour and Employment Ministerial Meeting held in Melbourne, Australia, 10-11 September 2014. It reviews the latest trends in the labour market and highlights policies adopted by G20 countries to support growth. It then sets out the main channels through which growth and employment affect each other and summarizes the mix of policy measures needed to achieve strong, sustainable, job-rich and balanced growth. A brief overview of the employment plans submitted by G20 countries is also provided. A statistical annex presents additional information on recent labour market trends.
Edited excerpt from publication. Show less

Corporate authors: International Labour Organisation (ILO) ... [+] Show more

Conference name: OECD Labour and Employment Ministerial Meeting

Date: 2014

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Subjects: Labour market; Economics; Employment ... [+] Show more
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Challenging the myths about learning and training in small and medium-sized enterprises: implications for public policy

This paper draws on the results of recent research on the process of learning and training research in small and me ... Show more
This paper draws on the results of recent research on the process of learning and training research in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) as a way of exploring some of the implications for policy-makers and their advisers. What is of prime consideration here, relevant to policies and the skill levels found in small enterprises, is the perception of underinvestment in training. A lack of adequate formal training is frequently viewed as a 'market failure' and thus as something that governments can legitimately take action to rectify. However, the research findings presented here challenge this interpretation and the beliefs they sustain. It should be noted that there is no universal or international definition applied to the size of enterprises. The criteria used to determine this definition (for example, turnover, number of employees, value of fixed assets, sector) vary across countries. Our aim with this paper is to dispel what we see as the myths that underpin much of the current approach to learning and training in small enterprises. Specifically, we look at four myths: (1) small enterprise owners systematically underinvest in training; (2) small enterprise owners fail to appreciate the value of learning and training; (3) informal learning is less valuable than formal training; and (4) this failure is best tackled through the use of government training schemes designed to help small enterprises invest more in formal training. We argue that these myths rest on a shortcoming of previous research to differentiate between two very distinctive issues: the first is the differences in the skill levels that are characteristic of firms of different sizes. The second issue centres on formal versus informal training and why smaller companies tend to make less use of formal training than larger companies. Our discussion hones in on the findings from new research that highlights the areas where the process of learning and training in [micro and small enterprises] MSEs is different from that observed in [medium and large enterprises] MLEs and the implications of this for the delivery of public policy. Having made these important distinctions on skills formation between small enterprises and MLEs and highlighted the role of informal learning and training, we set this paper up to provide a starting point from which to consider the more localized issues confronting small enterprises.
Excerpts from published introduction. Show less

Authors: Ashton, David Norman; Sung, Johnny; Raddon, Arwen; Riordan, Trevor

Corporate authors: International Labour Organisation (ILO)

Date: 2008

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: Employment Sector employment working paper

Subjects: Vocational education and training; Policy; Industry ... [+] Show more
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Employment policies and programmes in Central and Eastern Europe

This comparative report contains papers presented to an international conference on employment policies and program ... Show more
This comparative report contains papers presented to an international conference on employment policies and programs in Central and Eastern Europe, held in Budapest in June 1994. It contains country studies on Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia and Ukraine. The authors examined four areas of concern in their countries: (1) how the government defined its responsibilities in relation to employment; (2) how the government tried to improve the operation of the labour market, e.g. through legislation, job search facilities, etc.; (3) the range and content of existing labour market programs; and (4) how employment services and unemployment benefits and assistance were financed. The introductory chapter provides a summary of labour market performance and policies in Central and Eastern European countries and makes some comparisons with Western European experience. The chapters that follow are: The struggle against unemployment: medium-term policy options for transition economies / Martin Godfrey and Peter Richards (p. 1-18); Employment policies and programmes in Bulgaria / Daniela Bobeva (p. 19-45); Employment policies and programmes in the Czech Republic / Alena Nesporova and Vera Uldrichova (p. 47-75); Employment policies and programmes in Hungary / Maria Frey (p. 77-114); Employment policies and programmes in Poland / Marek Gora (p. 115-133); Unemployment and unemployment policy in Romania / Catalin Zamfir (p. 135-145); Employment policies and programmes in Slovakia / Paul Ochotnicky (p. 147-155); Employment policies and programmes in Slovenia / Sonja Drobnic (p. 157-181); Employment policies and programmes in Ukraine / Volodimir Yatsenko (p. 183-205). Show less

Authors: Godfrey, Martin; Richards, Peter

Corporate authors: International Labour Organisation (ILO)

Date: 1997

Geographic subjects: Europe; Bulgaria; Slovakia ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Conference

Subjects: Labour market; Outcomes; Finance ... [+] Show more
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Japanese multinationals in Australia: employment policies and industrial relations, 1990-97

This paper examines the impact of Japanese foreign direct investment (FDI) on Australia with an emphasis on employm ... Show more
This paper examines the impact of Japanese foreign direct investment (FDI) on Australia with an emphasis on employment creation, skills and human capital development, and industrial relations. Particular focus is given to the Australian automotive industry as it receives one of the largest shares of Japanese FDI and has a significant proportion of employment by Japanese subsidiaries. The paper begins with an analysis of the growth and pattern of Japanese FDI in Australia and the structural changes of recent decades. This section also examines trends in the inflow of FDI and reinvestment by industry, and geographical and sectoral distribution of Japanese FDI in Australia and employment by Japanese firms over time. The sections that follow consider changes in the investment mode and ownership structure of investment, and motivation for Japanese businesses to invest in Australian industry. The paper then details the impact on Australia of Japanese FDI in terms of direct employment, value added, exports and local procurement. It then goes on to assess Japanese management and employment practices and industrial relations, and then studies the extent to which management methods are transferred to the Australian context. The next section provides background information on government industrial relations policy since the Workplace Relations Act 1996 and its effects on Japanese and Australian firms. The authors conclude that, overall, Japanese subsidiaries in Australia appear to have employment and industrial relations practices that are relatively similar to other enterprises. However, the diffusion of management to local employees seems to be slower in Australia than in other industrialised countries. An appendix outlines the coverage and limitations of Japanese statistics on FDI. Show less

Authors: Drysdale, Peter; Farrell, Roger

Corporate authors: International Labour Organisation (ILO)

Date: 1999

Geographic subjects: Asia; Oceania; Japan ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: Multinational Enterprises Programme working paper

Subjects: Skills and knowledge; Finance; Culture and society ... [+] Show more

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