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This paper provides an analytical review of the current state of vocational education and training (VET) in the candidate countries in Eastern and Central Europe and the MEDA region (Cyprus and Malta). It is intended to form the basis for further discussion between representatives of the candidate countries and the European Training Foundation’s Governing Board, to support the accession process of the candidate countries through the definition of their human resource needs, and to support strategic planning of future work by the ETF in these countries. The paper is based on in-depth discussion with representatives from the countries and the experience and expertise gained by the ETF in the last five years.

The paper consists of two parts. The first part presents a cross-country overview based on the analysis of the development of VET in each individual country. This section draws together common key areas where further improvement is required. The second part contains the study of the current state of development of VET in Lithuania. The country study begins with an overall assessment and then examines initial vocational training and continuing vocational training. Elements such as the legal and conceptual framework, the administrative and institutional system, financing, human resources in VET administration and the key features of VET delivery, are described. The study concludes with an overview of key employment issues and identifies priority areas for future development assistance. The range of candidate country reports are indexed from TD/INT 60.291 to TD/INT 60.300 and from TD/INT 61.101 to TD/INT 61.102. Show less

This paper provides an analytical review of the current state of vocational education and training (VET) in the candidate countries in Eastern and Central Europe and the MEDA region (Cyprus and Malta). It is intended to form the basis for further discussion between representatives of the candidate countries and the European Training Foundation’s Governing Board, to support the accession process of the candidate countries through the definition of their human resource needs, and to support strategic planning of future work by the ETF in these countries. The paper is based on in-depth discussion with representatives from the countries and the experience and expertise gained by the ETF in the last five years.

The paper consists of two parts. The first part presents a cross-country overview based on the analysis of the development of VET in each individual country. This section draws together common key areas where further improvement is required. The second part contains the study of the current state of development of VET in Bulgaria. The country study begins with an overall assessment and then examines initial vocational training and continuing vocational training. Elements such as the legal and conceptual framework, the administrative and institutional system, financing, and the key features of VET delivery, are described. The study concludes with an overview of key employment issues and identifies priority areas for future development assistance. The range of candidate country reports are indexed from TD/INT 60.291 to TD/INT 60.300 and from TD/INT 61.101 to TD/INT 61.102. Show less

This paper provides an analytical review of the current state of vocational education and training (VET) in the candidate countries in Eastern and Central Europe and the MEDA region (Cyprus and Malta). It is intended to form the basis for further discussion between representatives of the candidate countries and the European Training Foundation’s Governing Board, to support the accession process of the candidate countries through the definition of their human resource needs, and to support strategic planning of future work by the ETF in these countries. The paper is based on in-depth discussion with representatives from the countries and the experience and expertise gained by the ETF in the last five years.

The paper consists of two parts. The first part presents a cross-country overview based on the analysis of the development of VET in each individual country. This section draws together common key areas where further improvement is required. The second part contains the study of the current state of development of VET in the Czech Republic. The country study begins with an overall assessment and then examines initial vocational training and continuing vocational training. Elements such as the legal and conceptual framework, the administrative and institutional system, financing, human resources in VET administration and the key features of VET delivery, are described. The study concludes with an overview of key employment issues and identifies priority areas for future development assistance. The range of candidate country reports are indexed from TD/INT 60.291 to TD/INT 60.300 and from TD/INT 61.101 to TD/INT 61.102. Show less

This study provides information on the current situation in terms of international cooperation in the field of vocational education and training (VET), essentially that funded by the Member States of the European Union (EU) in the eight partner countries and territories in the Mediterranean region: Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Syria, the Palestinian Territories, Tunisia, and Turkey. An inventory and assessment of this cooperation is drawn up and suggestions, based on bilateral experiences, are made as to possible avenues for multilateral European Community action in the field of VET. Section A introduces the study; Section B outlines the different approaches to cooperation in the field of VET, highlighting the common features, difficulties encountered and outcomes; Section C identifies the recurrent problems affecting VET in the Mediterranean partner countries; Section D makes recommendations for future action; Annex I lists the members of the research group and their roles; Annex II contains the country profiles, list of contacts and list of projects by country for the Mediterranean partner countries and territories; and Annex III contains the country profiles, list of contacts and list of projects by country for the Member States of the European Union. Show less

This report provides an overview of key policy developments in education, training and employment in Tunisia. The municipal elections that took place successfully in May 2018 brought the democratic transition to various regions in Tunisia. The relative stability of the coalition government and an improved security situation is helping to shift priorities towards economic development. Relaunching the economy, while maintaining social stability, is the main concern in Tunisia. The EU remains a key partner and donor for Tunisia. In May 2018, a second round of negotiations on the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement (DCFTA) took place between Tunisia and the EU. Also in 2018, the EU and Tunisia collaborated on a number of new projects.

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This report provides an overview of key policy developments in education, training and employment in Lebanon. Following nine years of multiple postponements due to regional crises, security concerns and internal political wrangling, Lebanon held parliamentary elections on 6 May 2018. The results showed that the same political elites continue to dominate Lebanon's political scene, winning the vast majority of seats and confirming the power of Hezbollah. Political instability and uncertainty in Lebanon will remain high. These tensions will deepen Lebanon's long-standing sectarian fault lines and will have a big impact on the politics, security and economic performance of the country. Unfortunately, attempts by the government to revitalise the policymaking process have been repeatedly undermined by political crises and the vested interests of different confessional groups. At the time of writing, the new government is still not in place, and former ministers are acting as caretakers. Negotiations on the Mobility Partnership with the EU have come to a standstill and should restart when the new government is formally in place.

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This paper provides an analytical review of the current state of vocational education and training (VET) in the candidate countries in Eastern and Central Europe and the MEDA region (Cyprus and Malta). It is intended to form the basis for further discussion between representatives of the candidate countries and the European Training Foundation’s Governing Board, to support the accession process of the candidate countries through the definition of their human resource needs, and to support strategic planning of future work by the ETF in these countries. The paper is based on in-depth discussion with representatives from the countries and the experience and expertise gained by the ETF in the last five years.

The paper consists of two parts. The first part presents a cross-country overview based on the analysis of the development of VET in each individual country. This section draws together common key areas where further improvement is required. The second part contains a study of the current state of development of VET in Malta. The country study begins with an overall assessment and then examines initial vocational training and continuing vocational training. Elements such as the legal and conceptual framework, the administrative and institutional system, financing, human resources in VET administration and the key features of VET delivery are described. The study concludes with an overview of key employment issues and identifies priority areas for future development assistance. The range of candidate country reports are indexed from TD/INT 60.291 to TD/INT 60.300 and from TD/INT 61.101 to TD/INT 61.102. Show less

The green transition is a process towards a new development model that ensures environmentally sustainable and fairer societies. It is a necessity to address the human-induced climate change emergency, environmental degradation (water, land, forests, atmosphere) as well as the loss of biodiversity. The policies to tackle climate change must also build resilience and mitigate inequality and unfairness in our societies, which is why green transition strategies include a policy mix aimed at effective climate action and a just and fair transition into a thriving and clean economy, 'leaving nobody behind'. The transition entails fundamental changes, not only in key production and consumption systems such as energy, transport, agriculture, and food, but also infrastructure, societal values and politics. Moreover, it emphasises the need for a global shift towards a humane and fair economic system, with healthy ecosystems, healthcare, public services, education, and culture at its heart.

This paper considers the main dimensions to consider as the subject is approached for either research or policy guidance purposes. The green transition is work in progress and European Training Foundation (ETF) partners and beneficiaries are learning by doing. Based on a high level of consensus in source materials and in the expert communities, the amount of supporting evidence is relatively limited because so many aspects of sustainable development and climate change mitigation and adaptation have yet to be experienced and studied empirically. The one aspect of the transition that works in the favour of international agencies is that every country needs to enact similar actions as the nature of the change is largely identical throughout the world. For these reasons, the ETF's role in capitalising on policy and action learning is growing in importance and this paper sets the starting point as well as the ETF's ambitions in the field.

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Migrant support measures from an employment and skills perspective (MISMES) are defined as specific policy interventions aimed at improving the labour market integration of migrant workers and/or at reducing the underutilization of migrants' skills. Although the numbers of MISMES have increased rapidly and spread worldwide over the last 15 years, there is no real knowledge base about their relative effectiveness; their impact on migrant workers' performance in the labour markets of destination or origin countries; and the contextual factors that should be taken into account to improve them. This report is a first attempt to compile, classify and assess these migrant support measures in terms of cost-effectiveness and the labour market outcomes of the migration process. It presents the main findings of a global analytical inventory of MISMES implemented in countries of origin during all phases of migration (pre-migration, during-migration, post-migration and multi-dimensional).

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This report provides an overview of key policy developments in education, training and employment in Israel where a significant effort is being made to increase the attractiveness of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET). In 2017, the Ministry of Education in cooperation with all key stakeholders developed the new strategic plan to strengthen professional technological education in Israel from 2017 to 2022. It supports the re-launch of Vocational Education and Training (VET) by increasing the number of students, improving the quality of technological education and ensuring that it is provided in strong cooperation with industry. In August 2018, the Israeli National Qualifications Framework was officially launched, with the primary aim to further improve the relevance, quality and availability of skills for the labour market.

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