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Cedefop has recently started new research and analysis to provide more insights on skill mismatch issues and problems in Europe. Several new studies are planned to provide policy-makers with new information needed to anticipate and address mismatch. To establish policy-relevant themes for Cedefop’s skill mismatch research in the coming years, experts have been invited to the Centre to share their experience on the most promising research opportunities. Combining the views of experts with careful analysis of relevant academic research has led to five overall research priorities. This working paper gives an overview of these priorities.

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This review describes recent activities and projects in identifying skill requirements in Greece. Results suggest that problems of skill mismatch are mainly due to a deficit in demand for skilled labour rather than a deficit in supply of skills. Most Greek firms - mainly small businesses - are not open to new developments and or developing their employees’ skills. This is a challenge for policy to support training, to foster openness to cope with new challenges, raise awareness of the importance of training and skills and make use of the opportunities offered by information and communication technologies. Much more research is needed in Greece on skill needs, mismatch in labour markets and skill acquisition of target groups - and above all on transferring research findings into policy and practice. The contents are: The Greek education and training system and the Greek labour market: some facts; Organisations in Greece actively involved in identification of skill needs; Identification of skill needs - activities; Identification of future skills requirements - action taken by international European bodies; Conclusions - policy implications.

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Cities are key players in mitigating climate change and shaping the green transition via services and through regulatory competence. Using the smart and green city concept in existing and new urban settings contributes to achieving European Green Deal ambitions. This policy brief reports on a Cedefop skills foresight study which looked at the occupations and skills that help cities become smarter and greener and the role vocational education and training can play in developing them.

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To make and shape the green and digital transitions, Europe needs a skills revolution. Sitting alongside the current [vocational education and training] VET and skills policy framework and expanding funding opportunities, Cedefop EU skills intelligence is a key resource that helps unleash it. Skills intelligence provides sound and trusted evidence on labour market trends and skill needs, which guides policy- and decision-makers in focusing their efforts when investing in skills and in skills matching.

This report is one of Cedefop's key contributions to the 2023 European Year of Skills. It broadens understanding of what has changed in EU labour markets in the past decade and uses Cedefop's 2023 skills forecast, sectoral foresight and big data-powered analysis to track ongoing and future trends. The report blends different types of evidence to foster better understanding of the labour market and skills impacts of the twin transition and current and future labour markets tensions.

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This publication provides a detailed technical background and reviews the first skill demand forecast in Europe. It outlines the approach and methods adopted and presents the results for Europe as a whole ([European Union] EU-25, Norway and Switzerland) as well as for individual countries. It also untangles many data and technical issues and sets out the solutions that were adopted. The overall aim is to develop a comprehensive system for producing detailed and consistent quantitative projections of future skill needs across Europe. This approach and the set of results provide a sound foundation to take the debate on the changing pattern of demand for skills forward.

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The synthesis report is indexed at TD/IRD 88.225 and the key findings booklet is indexed at TD/TNC 102.910. Show less

Collecting data and information on labour market needs and skills trends is not sufficient to design and sustain responsive and efficient vocational education and training (VET) programmes and skills formation systems. Economies and societies need robust skill anticipation methods and trusted skills intelligence to translate data into actionable insights that support the skills revolution. This policy brief reviews trends in skills anticipation in Europe and explains how it contributes to more learning and better matching. It builds on Cedefop's monitoring of national skills anticipation systems and practices in the EU-27, Norway and Iceland and input from Cedefop's ReferNet partners.

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Supporting the rapid growth in the ageing population is one of EU's greatest challenges, placing the care sector high on policy agendas. Demographic change, technological advancements and poor working conditions exercise pressure on care workers' employment and skills. This policy brief discusses developments in the employment and skills of care sector workers, and the role that vocational education and training (VET) can play in support, building on Cedefop's skills forecast and online job advertisement analysis.

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An expert workshop looking at the feasibility of European skill needs forecasting was held in Cyprus in October 2005. The workshop was jointly organised by Cedefop and its international network on early identification of skill needs Skillsnet, the Human Resource Development Authority (HRDA) of Cyprus and the Research Centre for Education and the Labour Market (ROA) of Maastricht University. The workshop aimed at exploring different approaches, data availability and compatibility of classifications in individual Member States to reach agreement on principal methodology of European skill needs forecasting.

This publication is based on the proceedings of this workshop and presents potential opportunities and obstacles for European skill needs forecasting. The publication is divided into three parts. The first part looks at feasibility of the approach and summarises previous efforts to create pan-European skills forecasts and at classifications, data and models essential for European skill needs forecasting. The second part presents the information input provided by Member States according to Cedefop's template. Finally, the third part presents a summary of the information input by Member States and conclusions.

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As the European Union navigates an era of rapid digital transformation, the demand for digital skills has never been higher, and it will keep growing in the next decade. This policy brief sheds new light on the evolving landscape of digital skill requirements in the EU-27, using Cedefop analysis of online job advertisements. The evidence in this policy brief showcases the pivotal role of digital skills in economic development and global competitiveness. It also points towards the need to accelerate the implementation of digital policy and strategy. Up- and reskilling the workforce, investing in the skills of teachers and trainers and modernising education and training systems will help ensure the digital revolution will benefit all citizens.

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Moving to a circular economy paradigm lies at the core of the European Green Deal (EGD) ambitions. Shifting to a 'redesign, repair and reuse' economy leads to new jobs, and brings about changes in job profiles that require circular design, systems thinking and transversal skills. This policy brief reports on a Cedefop skills foresight study which looked at the occupations and skills that are essential for achieving a circular economy in the EU, and the role that vocational education and training (VET) can play in support.

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