Search Results | VOCEDplus, the international tertiary education and research database

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Starting out in low-skill jobs

The purpose of this research is to examine whether, for those who have left full-time education, a low-skill job pr... Show more
The purpose of this research is to examine whether, for those who have left full-time education, a low-skill job provides them with a good start to their working lives. It was found that starting out in a low-skill job gives lower payoffs than starting out in a high-skill job. Five years after leaving full-time education, the wage penalty (after conditioning on education and other characteristics) still exists but this scarring effect diminishes over time. However, any job is better than having no job.
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Authors: Karmel, Tom; Lu, Tham; Oliver, Damian

Date: 2013

Geographic subjects: Oceania; Australia

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: LSAY research report

Subjects: Outcomes; Youth; Employment ... [+] Show more
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The future of work after COVID-19

The impact of [Coronavirus Disease 2019] COVID-19 on work, the workforce, and the workplace will persist after the ... Show more
The impact of [Coronavirus Disease 2019] COVID-19 on work, the workforce, and the workplace will persist after the health crisis has subsided. This research examines how the trends accelerated by the pandemic may reshape work in the long term. We explore these changes through 2030 in eight countries with diverse economic and labor market models: China, France, Germany, India, Japan, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Together, these eight countries account for almost half the global population and 62 per cent of GDP. The pandemic has, for the first time, elevated the importance of the physical dimension of work. In this research, we define ten work arenas that group occupations according to their proximity to coworkers and customers, the number of interpersonal interactions involved, and their on-site and indoor nature. We find that jobs in work arenas with higher levels of proximity are likely to see greater transformation after the pandemic, triggering knock-on effects in other work arenas as business models shift in response.
Excerpt from publication. Show less

Authors: Lund, Susan; Madgavkar, Anu; Manyika, James; Smit, Sven ... [+] Show more

Date: 2021

Geographic subjects: China; France; Germany ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Subjects: Employment; Workforce development; Technology ... [+] Show more
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The nursing workforce in 2010

Currently there are major concerns about the adequacy of the nursing workforce. This paper reports on workforce mod... Show more
Currently there are major concerns about the adequacy of the nursing workforce. This paper reports on workforce models built for both registered nurses, trained in universities, and enrolled nurses, trained in the vocational education sector. Projections suggest that the ageing of the population together with the ageing of the nursing workforce will put real strains on the supply of nurses. It is argued that the work organisation of the carer workforce (professionals, para-professionals and assistants/personal carers) will need to change. It is also suggested that articulation in the training arrangements between these groups will be important.
Published abstract reprinted by permission of the copyright owner.
The collection of papers is indexed at TD/TNC 71.486; individuals papers are indexed from TD/TNC 71.487 to TD/TNC 71.494. Show less

Authors: Karmel, Tom; Li, Jianke

Conference name: CEET National Conference

Date: 2002

Resource type: Conference paper

Subjects: Outcomes; Demographics; Pathways ... [+] Show more
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Explaining the divergence between student numbers and hours, 2002 to 2007

This technical paper provides information on the divergence between student numbers and delivery hours for the peri... Show more
This technical paper provides information on the divergence between student numbers and delivery hours for the period 2002 to 2007. The change in hours from one year to the next is decomposed into three effects, one of which is 'hours inflation', whereby nominal hours increase over time for the same unit of competency or module. The paper shows that the 'hours inflation' explains relatively little of the divergence between students and hours. However, another form of hours creep, whereby new modules have higher average hours than ceased modules, was of some significance at the start of the period in question. A further point to emerge from this analysis is the dynamic nature of the vocational education and training (VET) system, with very large numbers of hours being associated with the introduction of new modules. Show less

Authors: Karmel, Tom; Mlotkowski, Peter

Date: 2009

Geographic subjects: Oceania; Australia

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Subjects: Students; Skills and knowledge; Teaching and learning
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The contribution of VET to Australia's skill base

Vocational education and training (VET) provides employment related training at the certificate and diploma level, ... Show more
Vocational education and training (VET) provides employment related training at the certificate and diploma level, aimed at all occupational groups with the possible exception of professionals - which are largely served by higher education. It is delivered within both an institutional and workplace setting. An important element is the apprenticeship/traineeship that incorporates formal training within an employment relationship. The aim of this paper is to look at the contribution of VET to the labour market. Three aspects are focused on: the relationship between the training and occupations VET graduates work in; the extent to which the qualified proportion of the workforce has increased (skill deepening) and the link between VET and skills acquisition. The unifying theme of these aspects is that there is no deterministic link between VET and the labour market-skills are not raw materials consumed in a manufacturing process; rather they are akin to capital that has alternative uses. Before examining these aspects, however, I will briefly describe the sector, to show the breadth of its provision.
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Authors: Karmel, Tom

Date: 2009

Geographic subjects: Australia; Oceania

Resource type: Article

Journal title: Insights: Melbourne economics and commerce

Subjects: Apprenticeship; Traineeship; Vocational education and training ... [+] Show more
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Interview with Tom Karmel on 'The impact of schools on young people's transition to university'

In this interview, Steve Davis talks with co-author Tom Karmel about this report which uses data from the 2006 coho... Show more
In this interview, Steve Davis talks with co-author Tom Karmel about this report which uses data from the 2006 cohort of the Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth (LSAY) to investigate how schools influence tertiary entrance rank and university enrolment over and above young people's individual background characteristics. A point of discussion was the authors' finding that schools do matter and although young people's individual characteristics are the main contributors to university entrance, the school characteristics are responsible for almost 20 per cent of the variation in tertiary entrance rankings.
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Authors: Karmel, Tom; Davis, Steve

Date: 2013

Geographic subjects: Oceania; Australia

Resource type: Webinar or podcast

Series name: Vocational voices

Subjects: Students; Youth; Secondary education ... [+] Show more
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Pre-apprenticeships and their impact on apprenticeship completion and satisfaction

Pre-apprenticeship programs have attracted a great degree of interest from employers and training providers as one ... Show more
Pre-apprenticeship programs have attracted a great degree of interest from employers and training providers as one means of increasing apprentice satisfaction and completion rates, by providing an introduction to the trade. We test this proposition using data from the 2010 Apprentice and Trainee Destination Survey. We find that the impact of pre-apprenticeships varies with occupation and prior education level. Pre-apprenticeships increase the likelihood of completion for apprentices in the construction, food and electro-technology trades but reduce completion rates among those already holding a certificate III or higher qualification and some other categories of apprentices. Show less

Authors: Karmel, Tom; Oliver, Damian

Date: 2011

Geographic subjects: Australia; Oceania

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: NCVER occasional paper

Subjects: Apprenticeship; Employment; Providers of education and training ... [+] Show more
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Structural change and vocational education and training in Australia and the SEAMEO region

This paper begins by describing the impact of economic and social conditions on the demand and supply of skills in ... Show more
This paper begins by describing the impact of economic and social conditions on the demand and supply of skills in Australia. It then discusses the current Australian policy environment relating to vocational education and training (VET) before looking at the SEAMEO region and the global trends that are likely to impact on member countries. In the final section, the paper looks at some of the implications for training and research. Major trends and issues discussed include: the increasing extent of part-time work and casualisation; increasing female participation in the labour market; the importance of increasing the level of education and training for teenagers; the spread of information and communication technologies (ICTs); and an ageing population. The paper concludes that in setting research priorities, it is important to take note of the structural changes that impact on VET. There are a number of trends that affect all countries - the growth of service sectors and the knowledge economy, the ageing population, and the general increase in educational levels - and these need to be taken into account.
The collection of keynote and inspirational papers is indexed at TD/TNC 74.370; selected papers are indexed at TD/TNC 74.371 and TD/TNC 74.372. Show less

Authors: Karmel, Tom; Misko, Josie

Conference name: SEAMEO VOCTECH's Expert's Meeting

Date: 2003

Geographic subjects: Oceania; Australia

Resource type: Conference paper

Subjects: Vocational education and training; Technology; Outcomes ... [+] Show more
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Disability and learning outcomes: how much does the disability really matter?

Students with a disability tend to have poorer educational outcomes in vocational education and training (VET) than... Show more
Students with a disability tend to have poorer educational outcomes in vocational education and training (VET) than the average over all students. This paper seeks to isolate the direct effect of being a member of a particular disability group by taking into account the characteristics (notably, educational background) of the members of the group. It is found that the direct effect of the disability differs between groups, and is highest for those with a mental illness, a medical condition or a physical disability. Show less

Authors: Karmel, Tom; Nguyen, Nhi

Corporate authors: National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER)

Date: 2008

Geographic subjects: Oceania; Australia

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: NCVER occasional paper

Subjects: Vocational education and training; Disability; Outcomes ... [+] Show more
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Linkages between Australian vocational education and training and the labour market

This paper canvasses a range of areas which bear on the linkages between vocational education and training (VET) an... Show more
This paper canvasses a range of areas which bear on the linkages between vocational education and training (VET) and the labour market. The first is described as institutional linkages. These are the formal legal and administrative structures that tie together VET and the labour market. The second area is that of general skills development. Australia's general approach is based on the idea that education and training increases an individual's human capital leading to higher wages and better employment outcomes. The final area is labelled the dynamics of the labour market. This is the most complicated and covers things such as occupational mobility, the contrast between occupation-specific and general skills, the way VET changes to reflect changes in the structures of the labour market, and the way individuals choose their training. The paper concludes by arguing that there are three areas to be considered in analysing the links between vocational education and training and the labour market: (1) institutions; (2) general skills development; (3) dynamics of the labour market. In respect of institutions, Australia has a well developed set, but these constantly need to be modified to ensure that they are relevant. In respect of general skills development, the focus is the individuals' human capital, and this is the critical link between VET and the labour market. People get trained and educated to equip themselves better for the labour market, and this goes much wider than specific training for specific jobs. Finally, the dynamic nature of the labour market, both in terms of labour mobility at a point in time and structural change occurring over longer periods, implies that the VET system has to be flexible and responsive. This is a world of many players and constant change; it is not a world of targets and getting it right. Show less

Authors: Karmel, Tom

Conference name: Sino-Australian Vocational Education and Training Conference

Date: 2005

Geographic subjects: Oceania; Australia

Resource type: Conference paper

Subjects: Vocational education and training; Skills and knowledge; Labour market ... [+] Show more

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