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New perspectives on ICT skills and employment

This report was presented to the Working Party on the Information Economy (WPIE) in December 2004. It provides an o ... Show more
This report was presented to the Working Party on the Information Economy (WPIE) in December 2004. It provides an overview of information and communications technology (ICT) skills and employment across OECD economies and analyses some of the impacts on economic performance. It describes a new approach to identifying the diffusion of ICTs in the economy. Two measures of ICT-skilled employment are developed. The first is a narrow measure that uses occupational data to identify ICT specialists (e.g. programmers, software developers but also cable layers). The second is a broad measure that includes those who intensively use ICTs to perform their work (both basic and advanced intensive users), as well as the specialists. These measures are calculated for the economy as a whole and also by sector. The report provides a brief review of earlier attempts to identify the presence of ICTs in the economy and describes a new measurement approach developed for the 2004 ‘OECD information technology outlook’, which attempts to capture the diffusion of ICTs throughout the economy based on the degree of their actual use. The industry rankings based on the share of ICT-skilled employment in total employment are then compared to the results of other studies that classify industrial sectors on the basis of ICT usage. Some preliminary results from the analysis relating the ICT skills measures to productivity measures are presented. The report has expanded the analysis of ICT-skilled employment from the 2004 ‘OECD information technology outlook’ and extended it to include Canada. The analysis revealed that the narrow measure of ICT specialists followed a similar pattern across countries (European Union (EU)15, US, Canada and Australia), but that the trends for broad measure of ICT-intensive users and specialists diverged. The share of broad ICTskilled employment is increasing in the EU15, but decreasing in the US, Canada and Australia. The broad ICT-skilled employment measure was also analysed at the sectoral level. Findings reveal that many business services sectors have a very large share of ICT-skilled employment (e.g. computer and related services, financial intermediation services, and research and development), as well as certain manufacturing sectors (such as manufacturing of office machinery and computers). Personal services tended to have a relatively low share. Most sectors were found to have increased their share of ICT-skilled employment somewhat, particularly those that already had a relatively large share. Show less

Authors: Welsum, Desiree van; Vickery, Graham

Corporate authors: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) ... [+] Show more

Date: 2005

Geographic subjects: North America; Oceania; Europe ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Subjects: Employment; Technology; Statistics ... [+] Show more
Employment and skills strategies in Canada

The OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Programme has developed the OECD ‘Reviews on local job cr ... Show more
The OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Programme has developed the OECD ‘Reviews on local job creation’ as an international cross-comparative study examining the contribution of local labour market policy to boosting quality employment and productivity. In Canada, the review has looked at the range of institutions and bodies involved in employment and skills policies. In-depth work was undertaken in Ontario and Quebec, looking at the Thunder Bay, Hamilton, Mauricie and Estrie regions.
The contents are as follows: Executive summary; Reader’s guide; Policy context for employment and skills in Canada; Ontario’s employment and skills system; Quebec’s employment and skills system; Overview of the Canadian case study areas; Local job creation dashboard findings in Canada; Towards an action plan for jobs in Canada: recommendations and best practices. Show less

Corporate authors: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

Date: 2014

Geographic subjects: Canada; North America

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: OECD reviews on local job creation

Subjects: Employment; Performance; Skills and knowledge ... [+] Show more
Beyond rhetoric: adult learning policies and practices

This comparative report brings together the work of the OECD thematic review of adult learning undertaken between D ... Show more
This comparative report brings together the work of the OECD thematic review of adult learning undertaken between December 1999 and November 2001 to analyse policy options in different national contexts for improving access to, and participation in, adult learning and to enhance its quality and effectiveness. The report draws on the experiences of the nine participating OECD countries (Canada, Denmark, Finland, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and England) to identify the successful elements of adult learning policy and practice. The report seeks to analyse the nature of, and reasons for, similarities and difference in policy approaches across the nine countries and to identify some of the possible implications for policy makers. Chapter two provides the definitions and framework for the review, the rationale for the focus on adult learning and a list of key issues to be addressed in subsequent chapters. Chapter three identifies patterns of participation in adult learning and assesses the needs and gaps in provision. Chapter four provides a summary of the general policies and priorities currently operating in adult learning in the nine countries. Chapter five analyses the barriers to participation and the various practices and incentives that can improve motivation for learning in the labour market and other areas. Chapter six looks at measures that can improve the quality of learning and outcomes through the use of appropriate pedagogy and modes of learning provision, teacher preparation and quality control. Chapter seven analyses policy options to address problems of disjointed provision of services and the weaknesses of delivery infrastructures. Chapter eight provides a general overview of findings, key elements and features of a desirable adult learning system.
Individual countries prepared descriptive background reports on the adult learning practices in their own countries. Reports available in English are indexed from TD/TNC 73.64 to TD/TNC 73.69 and at TD/TNC 62.795. Available analytical country notes, prepared by the OECD multinational review team and based on the background reports and discussions with national stakeholders, are indexed from TD/TNC 73.70 to TD/TNC 73.75. Show less

Corporate authors: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

Date: 2003

Geographic subjects: North America; Europe; Canada ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Subjects: Participation; Quality; Research ... [+] Show more
Better use of skills in the workplace: why it matters for productivity and local jobs

This joint OECD-ILO report provides a comparative analysis of case studies focusing on improving skills use in the ... Show more
This joint OECD-ILO report provides a comparative analysis of case studies focusing on improving skills use in the workplace across eight countries. The examples provide insights into the practical ways in which employers interact with government services and policies at the local level. They highlight the need to build policy coherence across employment, skills, economic development and innovation policies, and underline the importance of ensuring that skills utilisation is built into policy development thinking and implementation.
Skills utilisation concerns the extent to which skills are effectively applied in the workplace to maximise workplace and individual performance. It involves a mix of policies including work organisation, job design, technology adaptation, innovation, employee-employer relations, human resource development practices and business-product market strategies. It is often at the local level that the interface of these factors can best be addressed.
Published abstract. Show less

Corporate authors: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) ... [+] Show more

Date: 2017

Geographic subjects: Great Britain; Singapore; United States ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Subjects: Skills and knowledge; Workforce development; Policy ... [+] Show more
Early maternal employment and child development in five OECD countries

More mothers with young children are in paid work than in the past. There is a long-running debate on possible nega ... Show more
More mothers with young children are in paid work than in the past. There is a long-running debate on possible negative effects of maternal employment on child development. For the first time, this paper presents an initial comparative analysis of longitudinal data on maternal employment patterns after birth on child cognitive and behavioural development. The paper examines data of five OECD countries with different types and intensity of support provided to families to reconcile work and family life. The evidence suggests that a return to paid work by mothers within six months after childbirth may have negative effects on child outcomes, particularly on cognitive development, but the effects are small and not universally observed. Other factors such as family income, parental education and quality of interaction with children have greater influences on child development than early maternal employment per se.
Published abstract reprinted by permission of the copyright owner. Show less

Authors: Huerta, Maria del Carmen; Adema, Willem; Baxter, Jennifer; Corak, Miles ... [+] Show more

Corporate authors: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

Date: 2011

Geographic subjects: Australia; Canada; Denmark ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: OECD social, employment and migration working papers

Subjects: Culture and society; Employment; Research ... [+] Show more
Thematic review of the transition from initial education to working life: Canada: background report

In 1996, the OECD’s Education Committee launched the 14-country ‘Thematic review of the transition from initial edu ... Show more
In 1996, the OECD’s Education Committee launched the 14-country ‘Thematic review of the transition from initial education to working life’. Within a lifelong learning framework the review had two key goals: to describe how young people’s transition to work changed during the 1990s; and to describe the education, labour and social policies, and the interaction between these, that lead to successful youth transitions. This report examines the changing nature of the transition process in Canada and the factors that are influencing it, such as labour market characteristics and the aspirations of young people. This is set within the context of the Canadian economy, the labour market and significant trends in the educational system both generally and with reference to transition-related programs. The report has four main parts: (1) a paper on the context of Canadian education and common issues accross Canada; (2) a case study from Nova Scotia; (3) a case study from Quebec; and (4) the results of a questionnaire sent to five participating provinces.
The country note for Canada is indexed at TD/TNC 77.193; the final report of the OECD review is indexed at TD/TNC 62.156. Show less

Corporate authors: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

Date: 1997

Geographic subjects: North America; Canada

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Subjects: Youth; Labour market; Policy ... [+] Show more
Higher education in regional and city development: the Paso del Norte region, Mexico and the United States

The Paso del Norte Region is the largest metropolitan area on the US-Mexican border, with Ciudad Juárez as a major ... Show more
The Paso del Norte Region is the largest metropolitan area on the US-Mexican border, with Ciudad Juárez as a major manufacturing centre. However, the economic performance on both sides of the border region is below the OECD average. The long-term competitiveness of the region is under a threat due to ongoing violence, brain drain and environmental degradation. The ability to fuel local growth by cultivating relevant skills is the best guarantee that Paso del Norte will thrive in future. A globally competitive region needs to have a highly skilled workforce and knowledge-based economy. To break out of the low skill/low wage economy, Paso del Norte needs to improve educational attainment levels on both sides of the border. It will also need to foster new business formation and provide jobs and entrepreneurial skills to higher education graduates. How can Paso del Norte capitalise on the ongoing cross-border initiatives to create a more comprehensive approach to regional development? How can the universities use challenge-driven research to transform social, environmental and health-related challenges into assets and opportunities? This publication explores a range of helpful policy measures and institutional reforms to mobilise higher education for regional development. It is part of the series of the OECD Reviews of Higher Education in Regional and City Development. These reviews help mobilise higher education institutions [HEIs] for economic, social and cultural development of cities and regions. They analyse how the higher education system impacts upon regional and local development and bring together universities and other HEIs and public and private agencies to identify strategic goals and to work towards them.
Published abstract reprinted by permission of the copyright owner. Show less

Corporate authors: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

Date: 2010

Geographic subjects: Mexico; North America; United States

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: OECD reviews of higher education in regional and city development

Subjects: Higher education; Economics; Culture and society ... [+] Show more
Ageing and employment policies = Vieillissement et politiques de l’emploi: Canada

In 2001, the OECD launched a review of policies to improve labour market prospects for older workers. The aim of th ... Show more
In 2001, the OECD launched a review of policies to improve labour market prospects for older workers. The aim of this review is to examine both supply-side and demand-side aspects of this topic. Older workers have been defined as those aged 50 years and over. The review argues that many policy measures and workplace practices create significant barriers to older workers continuing to work and that current reforms will not be sufficient to encourage later retirement and to lessen the risk of future labour shortages. Statistical evidence suggests that in Canada, the proportion of persons aged 65 and over to the working-age population will double to 45% by 2050. It is argued that unless policy changes are made, this population ageing could lead to higher public expenditures, labour force shortages, and slower economic growth. This report surveys the main barriers to employment for older workers, assesses the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to overcome these barriers and presents a set of policy recommendations for further action by the public authorities and social partners. It examines the balances between income support and work incentives, methods for encouraging employers to hire and retain workers, and policies for ensuring the employability of older workers. This report is published in English with a French translation of the executive summary and recommendations. The chapters are: The challenge ahead; The labour market situation of older workers; Income support and work incentives for older people; Encouraging employers to hire and retain older workers; Strengthening older workers’ employability; Ensuring policies are comprehensive and coherent. Show less

Corporate authors: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

Date: 2005

Geographic subjects: North America; Canada

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: Ageing and employment policies

Subjects: Outcomes; Demographics; Policy ... [+] Show more
Performance standards in education in search of quality

Student performance standards are central to educational policies in many OECD countries, yet little has been publi ... Show more
Student performance standards are central to educational policies in many OECD countries, yet little has been published on how standards are established, monitored and reported. This study, based on reports from experts in ten OECD countries, represents a range of different approaches to standard-setting revealing the common pursuit of quality in education and substantially different means adopted to achieve it. Show less

Corporate authors: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

Date: 1995

Geographic subjects: North America; Asia; Europe ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Subjects: Quality; Performance; Teaching and learning
Education at a glance: OECD database 2000

This CD-Rom provides access to comparative statistics and indicators on educational systems and policies in Organis ... Show more
This CD-Rom provides access to comparative statistics and indicators on educational systems and policies in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. It provides useful information for measuring the current state of education internationally. Data includes figures on the levels of investment in human and financial resources in education, analysis of how learning systems operate and evolve, and returns on investment in education. Show less

Corporate authors: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

Date: 2000

Geographic subjects: Asia;

Resource type: Statistical series

Subjects: Statistics; Research; Governance