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In India, technical skills are traditionally acquired through inheritance. Since industrialisation and the need for skilled manpower, there has been a shift in the process of skill formation. Initially industries recruited unskilled workers and provided inplant training, in order to get skilled workers. In 1961, the Apprenticeship Act was enacted and the Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) became the first formal vocational training institutes (VTIs). The major objective of Indian VTIs is to provide skilled and technically trained workers for industry. The rapid expansion of higher education has contributed to an imbalance between the availability and demand for skills in the job market. The approach of the Eighth Five Year Plan (1992-97) is employment-oriented with special reference to self-employment. This paper highlights that while most VTIs in India are only engaged in technical skill formation, a few more enterprising VTIs have diversified into self-employment promotion. This paper also presents three Indian case studies, the first focuses on the diversification into self-employment promotion of the Industrial Training Institute (ITI) in Bangalore, the second on Diamond Jubilee Cottage Industries Institute in Baroda and the third on the diversification Society for Rural Industrialisation (SRI) in Ranchi.

This book is indexed at TD/INT 60.278. Show less