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Transition report 2018-19: work in transition

The Transition Report 2018-19 analyses the impact on work of demographic change, automation and migration, both acr ... Show more
The Transition Report 2018-19 analyses the impact on work of demographic change, automation and migration, both across national borders and within countries. How should governments respond to urbanisation, an ageing workforce or rising numbers of young people entering the labour market? The report also looks at ways to minimise the emigration of workers from poorer countries and better integrate migrants in richer ones.
This annual analysis includes a macroeconomic overview of the EBRD regions and of structural reforms in the past year. The online Transition Report also features 37 country assessments.
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Corporate authors: European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)

Date: 2018

Geographic subjects: Albania;

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Subjects: Employment; Labour market; Demographics ... [+] Show more
Education for employment: realizing Arab youth potential

[Education for Employment] E4E is education that leads to improved employment prospects. The need for E4E in the Ar ... Show more
[Education for Employment] E4E is education that leads to improved employment prospects. The need for E4E in the Arab World is urgent and large scale. This report, an International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group-Islamic Development Bank Group (IFC-IsDB) report based on the findings of a study done by McKinsey and Company, explores how private stakeholders can contribute to meeting this need and identifies what enabling environment would be required for these activities to flourish. Beyond data analysis, the researchers engaged in discussions with all key stakeholders, including public and private education providers, civil society, public sector policy makers and administrators, private employers, and the youth themselves in order to understand each of their perspectives. In total, more than 200 in-depth interviews and surveys of 1,500 employers and 1,500 young people were undertaken, focusing on a set of countries accounting for approximately 70 per cent of the Arab World’s population and 60 per cent of its [gross domestic product] GDP and representing the diversity in geography, income, and population found in the region - Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Morocco, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Palestinian Territories, and Yemen. The report highlights three main areas for private sector involvement: vocational education and training (VET), university education, and work readiness. While specific solutions may differ from country to country, the report’s findings and themes have proven to be relevant across the whole region.
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Authors: Kandri, Salah-Eddine; Bjarnason, Svava; Elsadig, Ahmed

Date: 2011

Geographic subjects: Middle East; Arab countries; Africa ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Subjects: Youth; Employment; Research ... [+] Show more
Entrepreneurship education in the Arab states: a joint project between UNESCO and StratREAL Foundation, UK: component II: regional synthesis report

Entrepreneurship education (EPE) contributes to promoting life skills for individuals, expanding the experiences, d ... Show more
Entrepreneurship education (EPE) contributes to promoting life skills for individuals, expanding the experiences, developing the readiness for work, enhancing creativity and innovation and productivity, and supporting the trend towards self-employment in order to reduce the unemployment rate among youth. EPE in the Arab states is a joint project between UNESCO and StratREAL Foundation, UK and comprising two main components: component I: the collection, systematisation and dissemination of innovative and successful experiences of EPE from different countries of the region (2009-2010); and component II: providing technical support for the development of strategic plans to facilitate the incorporation of the concept of EPE in education systems (2011-2012). This regional synthesis report presents a comprehensive review of the achievements of the participating countries in component II (Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, and Oman) and identifies lessons learned from the implementation phases and a number of recommendations to contribute to raising awareness of the achievements and contributions of the participating countries.
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Authors: El-Kiswani, Abeer

Date: 2013

Geographic subjects: Arab countries; Middle East; Jordan ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Subjects: Employment; Youth; Skills and knowledge ... [+] Show more
Social partners in vocational education and training in the Southern Mediterranean: work in (slow) progress

While several initiatives have indicated that social partners [defined as organisations representing employers or e ... Show more
While several initiatives have indicated that social partners [defined as organisations representing employers or employees] in the southern Mediterranean region are expected to play an increasing role in vocational education and training (VET), little is known of the processes currently in place to implement social partnership in these countries or the capacity of the social partners to deal with their new role. A review was therefore needed to examine the issues at stake, and in 2009 the European Training Foundation (ETF) commissioned a study to analyse the situation. This study aims to describe the existing mechanisms involving social partners and to explore policy options in the different national contexts concerned, specifically with a view to improving the participation of the social partners in the field of human capital development (HCD) from the perspective of lifelong learning. Country reports were produced for eight countries in order to build a picture of the existing social partnership practices in VET at country level. The study recommends: the development of institutional settings and a legislative basis for the involvement of all social partners in VET decision making, and the inclusion of VET as part of the formal bargaining process between governments and social partners; the reinforcement of a structured social dialogue between social partners, leading to the drafting of a common strategy platform for social partnership in VET; the reinforcement of social partners' capacities in VET governance and decision making. This may take the form of peer learning activities and may also involve government services; paying special attention to trade unions, which in this sector lag behind employers' organisations in both capacity and resources; and a stronger commitment from donors as well as from international and European institutions dealing with social partnership to supporting the capacities of southern Mediterranean social partners to negotiate VET-related issues.
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Authors: Mayen, Gerard

Corporate authors: European Training Foundation (ETF)

Date: 2011

Geographic subjects: Mediterranean Region; Algeria; Egypt ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Subjects: Vocational education and training; Industry; Governance ... [+] Show more
The fruit and vegetables global value chain: economic upgrading and workforce development

This report uses the global value chain (GVC) perspective to examine the role of workforce development initiatives ... Show more
This report uses the global value chain (GVC) perspective to examine the role of workforce development initiatives in a number of developing countries that are participants in the global fruit and vegetable industry. Since the 1980s, international trade of fruit and vegetables has been characterized by tremendous growth, driven by rising incomes and the expansion of the middle class worldwide. At the beginning of the 21st century, the global industry accounted for US$56.1 billion, and, by 2008, exports reached more than twice that value at US$139.6 billion (UNComtrade). Motivated by this growing global demand, developing countries have actively pursued the production and export of this high-value agricultural subsector and have successfully captured a large portion of the horticultural market. The horticulture export industry offers an important source of employment for developing countries. Cultivation of fruit and vegetables is substantially more labor-intensive than growing cereal crops and offers more post-harvest opportunities to add value (Joshi et al., 2004; Weinberger & Lumpkin, 2005; World Bank, 2009). Packing and processing services - such as washing, chopping, and mixing as well as bagging, branding, and applying bar codes - are now often carried out at the source rather than at the end-market destination. Despite the labor-intensive nature of the industry, workforce development has been underestimated in this sector in the past, as horticultural operations typically employed rural workers with a minimum level of education. As the complexity of the value chain increases, growing competition amongst developing country suppliers and the enforcement of strict public and private industry standards, workforce skills are becoming a more important factor for industry competitiveness.
This report examines the role that different workforce development initiatives have played in the evolution of the global fruit and vegetable industry in five developing countries: (1) Chile, (2) Jordan, (3) Kenya, (4) Honduras, and (5) Morocco. These nations represent different stages of industry development. Chile is the country that has achieved the greatest value chain advancement in the sector. While Morocco currently exports more than Kenya, Kenya has been more successful in its upgrading initiatives taking on an important role in providing packing services for major supermarket chains in European Union (EU) and exporting a higher-value product. Honduras and Jordan offer two examples of smaller countries that are entering the value chain.
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Authors: Fernandez-Stark, Karina; Bamber, Penny; Gereffi, Gary

Date: 2011

Geographic subjects: Chile; Jordan; Kenya ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Subjects: Industry; Workforce development; Employment ... [+] Show more
Governance of vocational education and training in the southern and eastern Mediterranean

This document provides a cross-country analysis of the current situation in relation to [vocational education and t ... Show more
This document provides a cross-country analysis of the current situation in relation to [vocational education and training] VET governance in the nine countries in the [southern and eastern Mediterranean] SEMED region that are participating in the [European Training Foundation's] ETF's [Governance for Employability in the Mediterranean] GEMM project. It presents a clear review of the challenges that these countries are facing as they seek to improve VET outcomes through better management and partnership at the national and local levels.
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Authors: Leney, Tom

Date: 2015

Geographic subjects: Africa; Algeria; Egypt ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: Governance for Employability in the Mediterranean (GEMM)

Subjects: Vocational education and training; Governance; Quality ... [+] Show more
The European Qualifications Framework: linking to a globalised world: conference summary

This conference specifically considered the role that qualification frameworks based on learning outcomes can play ... Show more
This conference specifically considered the role that qualification frameworks based on learning outcomes can play in improving the transparency of qualifications in the context of increasing mobility and the implications of the [European Qualifications Framework] EQF and national or regional qualification frameworks as international reference points. In doing so the conference looked further at the learning outcomes approach as a ‘common language’ for describing and comparing qualifications internationally and the EQF as a platform for dialogue on increased cooperation between national and regional qualifications systems.
Contributions include: The purpose of the European Qualifications Framework in an international context / Jens Bjornavold and Arjen Deij; Development of a National Qualification Framework in Morocco / Fatima Bouhafa; Developments and lessons learned in Southern Africa / Shirley Walters, James Keevy; Developments in the Australian Qualification Framework / Greg Clarke; Informal and non-formal learning and frameworks / UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning; Perspectives on the EQF from a non-member State: New Zealand Qualifications Authority / Prue Wilson; Progress towards a National Qualifications Framework and the contribution of the EQF to developments in Albania / Ilia Paluka; Development of an integrated qualifications system in the United Arab Emirates: modernising the UAE qualifications system for a globalised world / Faisal Albakeri; Qualifications and development: do qualifications matter? / Jean Marc Castejon; EQF: the Irish perspective / Carmel Kelly; The European Qualifications Framework: linking to a globalised world [conference summary] / Pasi Sahlberg. Show less

Corporate authors: European Training Foundation (ETF)

Date: 2009

Geographic subjects: Middle East; Oceania; Europe ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Conference

Subjects: Qualifications; Globalisation; Outcomes ... [+] Show more
Gender dimension of labour market transitions: implications for activation and skills development policies of the EU neighbouring countries

This study focuses on the gender dimension of labour market transitions and its implications for policymaking in th ... Show more
This study focuses on the gender dimension of labour market transitions and its implications for policymaking in the areas of active labour market policies, career guidance, and skills development. The European Training Foundation initiated this research to map how activation and skills development policies are gaining importance in the neighbouring countries of the European Union as key components of [post-Coronavirus Disease 2019] post-COVID-19 recovery, green and digital transitions and strategies to address emerging socio-economic risks and uncertainties, and significant security threats worldwide.
The report provides an overview of the key trends in labour market participation among women, education outcomes, and gender-responsive policies and programmes. It sheds light on exemplary policies, national initiatives or donor programmes to enhance gender equality in labour market transitions and to address root causes of inequalities.
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Authors: Duell, Nicola; Lubyova, Martina; Haulica, Marius; Cekic, Armen

Date: 2024

Geographic subjects: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Subjects: Gender; Employment; Skills and knowledge ... [+] Show more
Quality and quality assurance in TVET: thematic report part II: policies towards quality and quality assurance for TVET in the MEDA-Region

This is the second part of a report on quality and quality assurance in technical and vocational education and trai ... Show more
This is the second part of a report on quality and quality assurance in technical and vocational education and training (TVET) for the Education and Training for Employment Project of the European Training Foundation (ETF). The first part of the report consisted of an overview of European policies towards quality and quality assurance in TVET. This second part is to complement the first one. It is about the policies towards quality and quality assurance for TVET in the MEDA-region but furthermore it is to examine common challenges and potential synergies for common activities between the MEDA-countries themselves and between the MEDA-region and the European Union.
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Authors: Seyfried, Erwin

Date: 2008

Geographic subjects: Middle East; West Bank; Gaza Strip ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Subjects: Quality; Vocational education and training; Providers of education and training ... [+] Show more
The role of TVET governance at sub-national levels

Devolving the governance of TVET to sub-national level is an issue of growing interest to countries across the worl ... Show more
Devolving the governance of TVET to sub-national level is an issue of growing interest to countries across the world as they seek to improve the effectiveness of their vocational education and training systems to meet increasing economic and social demands. Devolution offers the prospect to tailor skills development to meet local demand and engage employers in public services that act efficiently and seem relevant to their needs. This report seeks to develop an understanding of the challenges and opportunities presented by different models of TVET devolution and to offer some initial recommendations for policy makers, governments and TVET institutions. These are based on analysis of the UK system and those of five countries chosen for the study, Pakistan, Indonesia, Serbia, Morocco and Nigeria.
The report begins by considering the definition of TVET governance devolution, and draws on the current work of the European Training Foundation. A summary of the five country case studies is then presented before a section which sets out proposed frameworks for analysing the model of devolution in each country. These frameworks are used to explore devolution in the UK system and to draw out brief lessons. The challenges and opportunities faced by each of the five countries are examined in more detail to draw out conclusions and recommendations for action. What emerges in the report is that a complex mix of political, financial, institutional and cultural issues are in play in each country and that each of these factors can both support and stimulate successful devolution of TVET governance or hinder its progress. Each case is different and there is no simple answer to successful devolution, but there does seem to be a hierarchy of models of devolution that emerges from the analysis. These show progressively greater levels of devolution; from centralised government control, through devolved administrations using regional and local arms of government, the introduction of partner based bodies bringing greater coherence at regional level and, more radically, the creation of powerful new regional TVET bodies with policy making as well as delivery responsibilities.
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Authors: Perryman, Simon; Perryman, John

Date: 2017

Geographic subjects: Great Britain; Pakistan; Indonesia ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: TVET governance (British Council)

Subjects: Vocational education and training; Governance