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Cooperation in employment promotion and training in the Greater Mekong subregion

The importance of closer collaboration amongst the six countries - Thailand, Yunnan, Vietnam, Cambodia, Lao PDR and... Show more
The importance of closer collaboration amongst the six countries - Thailand, Yunnan, Vietnam, Cambodia, Lao PDR and Myanmar - of the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) in matters of employment promotion and skills training have been underlined by the recent difficulties faced by several of these countries and the social consequences of the economic downturn. Chapter one provides the background, including objectives, expected outputs, project design and implementation. Chapter two is based on the country reports and provides a situational analysis of key issues in employment promotion and training from the perspective of the participating countries. Chapter three is a condensed version of the technical study entitled 'Labour markets, skill shortages and labour market information in the Greater Mekong Subregion: challenges and policy options'. Chapter four covers the lack of skill standards, testing and certification systems. Chapter five outlines the lack of evaluation and accreditation for TVET. Chapter six offers conclusions and suggest future directions. Show less

Corporate authors: ILO. East Asia Multidisciplinary Advisory Team (ILO/EASMAT)

Date: 1997

Geographic subjects: Asia; Vietnam; Burma ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Subjects: Skills and knowledge; Labour market; Employment ... [+] Show more
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TVET response to poverty alleviation in sub regional Asia Pacific countries (Philippines, Malaysia, Mongolia and Myanmar)

Technical and vocational education and training (TVET) sub-sector reform in the Philippines, Malaysia, Mongolia and... Show more
Technical and vocational education and training (TVET) sub-sector reform in the Philippines, Malaysia, Mongolia and Myanmar is a priority in their national development agendas. Mismatching of skills with the labour market is a considerable obstacle in attempts to increase the employment rates. Therefore the TVET systems in each country must address quality training to meet labour market demands if employment is to improve. As well, each country is interested in entrepreneurship as a means to improve the economy and alleviate poverty. Each country's TVET system is discussed and the paper concludes that efforts in carrying out systematic research in improving TVET skills and enhancing entrepreneurship is needed.
The volume containing this paper is indexed at TD/TNC 100.801; individual papers may be found from TD/TNC 100.802 to TD/TNC 100.839. Show less

Authors: Talosig, Romeo O.; Hamat, Mohamad Amin; Hassan, Halimah binti Che; Chimid, Tungalag ... [+] Show more

Conference name: International Symposium on Skills Development for Poverty Alleviation

Date: 2009

Geographic subjects: Philippines; Malaysia; Mongolia ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Conference paper

Subjects: Disadvantaged; Employment; Finance ... [+] Show more
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Comparative study of vocational, technical education and training system in Myanmar, England and Germany: lessons learned for developing countries

There are several issues and problems that most countries are facing, such as energy crisis, environmental impacts,... Show more
There are several issues and problems that most countries are facing, such as energy crisis, environmental impacts, poverty and lack of human resources. In this regard, governments, international organisations and non-profit organisations are willing to cooperate to overcome the global challenges and threats. Based on collective efforts to find the best solutions, the elites, who are responsible for the policy matters of developing countries, are starting to recognise the importance of human resource development through technical and vocational education and training [VTET] because it is believed to be the master key to unlock the above mentioned issues. This paper was based on a comparative study of the TVET systems in industrial countries such as England and Germany, and with Myanmar. Based on this comparison, the suthor intends the recommendations to be used to improve TVET in Myanmar and other developing countries.
Excerpt of published abstract reprinted by permission of the copyright owner. Show less

Authors: Thu, Kyaw Htin Si

Date: 2008

Geographic subjects: Asia; Great Britain; Europe ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Article

Journal title: Journal for vocational and technical education and training

Subjects: Workforce development; Research; Policy ... [+] Show more
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Education for sustainable development: recognising the skills of migrant workers in the Greater Mekong Subregion

This paper describes a project which is one of the four specific outputs of regional policy and advisory technical ... Show more
This paper describes a project which is one of the four specific outputs of regional policy and advisory technical assistance (R-PATA) from the Asian Development Bank (ADB) supporting the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) strategic framework 2002-2012. The overall strategic framework identifies five strategic thrusts to realize the vision and goals of subregional cooperation and integration. Following the pilots, it is envisaged that senior officials of the nominated Ministries in the participating GMS countries will meet to formally endorse the framework for mutual recognition: the GMS qualifications framework, the industry competency standards in the three pilot skill areas and the subregional mechanisms for student and trainee assessment, certification and cross-border skills and qualifications recognition.
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Authors: Sevilla, Doyet; Lythe, David; McAteer, Amy

Conference name: International Vocational Education and Training Association (IVETA) Conference

Date: 2010

Geographic subjects: Cambodia; Laos; Burma ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Conference paper

Subjects: Migration; Skills and knowledge; Qualifications ... [+] Show more
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Teacher professional development: Institution-Based Professional Development (IBPD) centre Myanmar

While Myanmar has implemented and completed several important education reforms in recent years, the Technical and ... Show more
While Myanmar has implemented and completed several important education reforms in recent years, the Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) sub-sector continues to face numerous serious challenges in ensuring the equitable and quality training that are demanded by the industry. In response to these challenges, the Department of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (DTVET) is implementing different reforms to strengthen and upgrade vocational teacher training in collaboration with different development partners and international organizations.
One of these response measures is developing a model for decentralizing TVET teacher training at TVET institutions in order to be able to provide professional development [PD] support immediately as well as to maximize efficiency. The DTVET's teacher training institution Technical Promotion Training Centre (TPTC-Baelin) plays a vital role for the professional leaders (PD leaders) in overseeing the PD mechanism and provides technical and operational leadership under the policy guidance of the DTVET. The Institution-Based Professional Development (IBPD) centre is designed to provide soft skills training for TVET teachers and to improve TVET institutions, e.g. capacities to respond to labour market demand. The plan is materializing with the budget support of European Union (EU).
This article examines the teacher professional development programme in Myanmar, including the role of teachers and their professional development requirements, the role and responsibilities of the current training institutions, the role of the IBPD centres and the challenges encountered during the implementation process. This study is based on the analysis of qualitative and quantitative data collected from the schools under the DTVET and the Ministry of Education (MoE). The article concludes that supporting TVET teachers in achieving their professional development goals through higher learning opportunities is of paramount importance and is an aspect of strengthening the vocational teacher training system and the TVET sector for the country.
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Authors: Lwin, Kyi Kyi

Date: 2022

Geographic subjects: Myanmar; Burma; Asia

Resource type: Book chapter

Series name: Technical and vocational education and training: issues, concerns and prospects

Subjects: Providers of education and training; Workforce development; Governance
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Survey of ASEAN employers on skills and competitiveness

The Survey of [Association of Southeast Asian Nations] ASEAN employers on skills and competitiveness has collected ... Show more
The Survey of [Association of Southeast Asian Nations] ASEAN employers on skills and competitiveness has collected insights from business leaders regarding current labour force trends and anticipated effects associated with the 2015 integration of the ten ASEAN countries. The primary areas assessed by the Survey include regional integration effects on human resources, labour mobility, commercial enterprise development, and competitiveness. This survey shows that, on the whole, employers in the region tend to remain uneducated about the potential opportunities and challenges presented by ASEAN integration. Uncertainty prevails regarding the universal impact stemming from the ASEAN Economic Community 2015 undertaking. Nonetheless, employers express optimism, and agree that increased workforce mobility, lower trade barriers and liberalized investment flows will prove positive for their businesses. Most employers believe that regional integration will boost their competitiveness, particularly if coupled with investments in training and educational programmes. Encouragingly, employers report that, rather than apply cost-cutting measures to enhance productivity, they are more likely to invest in programmes to build capacity around management and leadership skills.
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Corporate authors: Emerging Markets Consulting

Date: 2014

Geographic subjects: Asia; Brunei; Cambodia ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: ILO Asia-Pacific working paper series

Subjects: Labour market; Outcomes; Research ... [+] Show more
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ASEAN Economic Community 2015: enhancing competitiveness and employability through skill development

The paper provides an overview of the training and education systems, institutions and policy frameworks in the [As... Show more
The paper provides an overview of the training and education systems, institutions and policy frameworks in the [Association of Southeast Asian Nations] ASEAN countries, including the extent of equity and inclusion (of women, youth, rural populations, etc.). And it presents a review of recent quantitative metrics in public and private investment in education and training as well as indicators related to staffing and capacity of teachers and trainers. In addition, the paper looks at the challenges confronting the education and training systems of ASEAN countries, such as the quality of education professionals, the relevance of curricula, links between industry and training systems (including labour market information and employment services, youth apprenticeships and on-the-job training) and lifelong learning. It also introduces the issue of skills certification and portability and mutual recognition arrangements.
Emerging skill requirements in ASEAN countries associated with deeper regional integration, structural change and new production patterns are highlighted, and the capacity of ASEAN countries to meet these emerging labour market demands domestically and within the region as production moves away from agriculture and into higher-value added industrial and services sectors is assessed. The analyzing was done with a gender perspective, looking at the extent that shifting skills requirements can foster better economic opportunities and prospects for women in ASEAN's labour market. The paper concludes that policy priorities that, if successfully implemented, can help ASEAN reach its goal of becoming a highly competitive economic region by harnessing its human resources. In addition to national policies, areas for regional cooperation among ASEAN countries that would help address the various gaps in human resources and national skills systems are singled out.
Excerpts from published abstract. Show less

Authors: Aring, Monika

Date: 2015

Geographic subjects: Asia; Brunei; Burma ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: ILO Asia-Pacific working paper series

Subjects: Skills and knowledge; Employment; Governance ... [+] Show more
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Myanmar labour issues from the perspective of enterprises: findings from a survey of food processing and garment manufacturing enterprises

Along with Myanmar's political and economic systems, the country's labour market is undergoing a profound transform... Show more
Along with Myanmar's political and economic systems, the country's labour market is undergoing a profound transformation. At the same time, systematic information on the labour market is scarce. Addressing this gap, this study presents data collected through a survey among enterprises operating in the food processing and garment sectors. Looking at labour issues in Myanmar from the perspective of employers leads to various findings. Labour turnover rates are high and often worker-driven. Lack of skilled labour is viewed as a major obstacle by many enterprises but only few of them invest in human capital development. Industrial relations systems are in their infancy with workers associations present only in a minority of firms. Social dialogue is underdeveloped and industrial relations are not always peaceful. Almost a fifth of the surveyed enterprises reported that their workers went on at least one strike during the last three years, and a quarter of them had at least one demand for wage increases during the same period. Key documents such as employment contracts and payslips are used widely but not universally. Wages are low compared to other Asian countries but so are labour productivity levels. Still, there were indications that many enterprises would struggle to comply with the new minimum wage. In most enterprises, workers come in six days a week and, on average, work 10.4 hours of overtime per week. Finally, almost all enterprises are registered with the Social Security Board (SSB) but raised concerns about the quality and availability of SSB services to their employees. The study concludes with some suggestions for future policy directions.
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Authors: Bernhardt, Thomas; De, S Kanay; Thida, Mi Win

Date: 2017

Geographic subjects: Myanmar; Burma; Asia

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Subjects: Labour market; Employment; Industry ... [+] Show more
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Towards quality assurance of technical and vocational education and training

Country researchers from 13 countries in the Asia-Pacific region conducted national studies of the quality assuranc... Show more
Country researchers from 13 countries in the Asia-Pacific region conducted national studies of the quality assurance of TVET qualifications in their countries. These countries were: Afghanistan, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, the Republic of Korea, Samoa, Thailand, Tonga and Viet Nam. The key themes and findings from these reports, together with the outcomes of discussions between country researchers form the basis of this synthesis report. Summaries of the country reports can be seen in Appendix 2.
Excerpt from publication. Show less

Authors: Bateman, Andrea; Coles, Mike

Date: 2017

Geographic subjects: Afghanistan; Brunei; Cambodia ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Subjects: Vocational education and training; Quality; Providers of education and training ... [+] Show more
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Paths to a future for youth in protracted refugee situations: a view from the Thai-Burmese border

As youth in protracted refugee situations reach adulthood, the challenges of providing education to them have incre... Show more
As youth in protracted refugee situations reach adulthood, the challenges of providing education to them have increased. Along the Thai-Burmese border, some creative approaches are being taken in order to respond to their needs. This article describes four programs, each with a different character. Although available to relatively few, they demonstrate some roles that civil society, and in particular educators and educational institutions, can play in delivering or in ensuring access to higher education for refugee youth living in protracted situations. Most critical are creativity, flexibility, and respectful collaboration between educators and both refugee and host communities.
Published abstract. Show less

Authors: Purkey, Mary

Date: 2010

Geographic subjects: Thailand; Burma; Asia

Resource type: Article

Journal title: Refuge

Subjects: Migration; Youth; Equity ... [+] Show more

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