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How to combine the entry of young people in the labour market with the retention of older workers?

This paper provides an overview of the employment situation of young and old workers in the [European Union] EU Mem... Show more
This paper provides an overview of the employment situation of young and old workers in the [European Union] EU Member States, setting out the most recent development during the crisis and dealing with policies implemented to promote the employment of both groups. The evidence collected shows that there is no competition between young and older workers on the labour market. Structural or general policies to enhance the functioning of EU labour markets are crucial to improving the situation of both groups. However, the responsibility for employment policies still predominantly lies within Member States of the European Union, although initiatives taken at the EU level can provide added value, particularly through stimulating the exchange of experiences and facilitating regional and cross-border mobility throughout the EU.
Published abstract reprinted by permission of the copyright owner. Show less

Authors: Eichhorst, Werner; Boeri, Tito; Coen, An de; Galasso, Vincenzo ... [+] Show more

Date: 2013

Geographic subjects: Europe

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: IZA discussion paper

Subjects: Employment; Youth; Policy ... [+] Show more
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Labor market insurance policies in the XXI century

The recovery from the [Coronavirus Disease 2019] COVID-19 crisis will force governments to accelerate transformatio... Show more
The recovery from the [Coronavirus Disease 2019] COVID-19 crisis will force governments to accelerate transformation in their menu of labor market policy tools. The crisis was a stress test for unemployment insurance schemes as it involved a sudden and unexpected shutdown of a very large set of activities. This forced countries to introduce, often from scratch, income support schemes for workers under new forms of employment, and the self-employed. There was also a considerable expansion of short-time work schemes notably towards the small business. The challenge ahead of us is perhaps even harder as post-COVID-19 labor markets are likely to be characterized by substantial labor reallocation. Major innovations in labor market policy are required to smooth consumption of workers involved in this reallocation.
We survey the large body of research on schemes reducing the costs of reallocation complementary to unemployment insurance. Our attention is on short-time work (preventing layoffs by subsidizing hours reductions), partial unemployment insurance (enabling workers to combine unemployment benefits with low-income jobs), and wage insurance (offering a temporary wage subsidy to workers changing jobs). The properties of these new schemes are first presented and compared to those of standard unemployment benefits. Next the main results of the empirical literature on the effects of wage insurance, partial unemployment insurance and short-time work are presented. A final section is devoted to discussing directions for further research.
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Authors: Boeri, Tito; Cahuc, Pierre

Date: 2022

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: Discussion paper (London School of Economics and Political Science. Centre for Economic Performance)

Subjects: Labour market; Policy; Economics ... [+] Show more
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Combining the entry of young people in the labour market with the retention of older workers

This study provides an overview of the employment situation of young and old workers in the [European Union] EU Mem... Show more
This study provides an overview of the employment situation of young and old workers in the [European Union] EU Member States, setting out the most recent developments during the crisis and dealing with policies implemented to promote the employment of both groups. The evidence collected shows that there is no competition between young and older workers on the labour market. Structural or general policies to enhance the functioning of EU labour markets are crucial to improving the situation of both groups. However, the responsibility for employment policies still predominantly lies within Member States of the European Union, although initiatives taken at the EU level can provide added value, particularly through stimulating the exchange of experiences and facilitating regional and cross-border mobility throughout the EU.
Published abstract reprinted by permission of the copyright owner. Show less

Authors: Eichhorst, Werner; Boeri, Tito; Braga, Michela; Coen, An de ... [+] Show more

Date: 2013

Geographic subjects: Europe

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: IZA research report

Subjects: Labour market; Employment; Youth ... [+] Show more
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Solo self-employment and alternative work arrangements: a cross-country perspective on the changing composition of jobs

The nature of self-employment is changing in most OECD countries. Solo self-employment is increasing relative to se... Show more
The nature of self-employment is changing in most OECD countries. Solo self-employment is increasing relative to self-employment with dependent employees, often being associated with the development of gig economy work and alternative work arrangements. We still know little about this changing composition of jobs. Drawing on ad-hoc surveys run in the UK, US, and Italy, we document that solo self-employment is substantively different from self-employment with employees, being an intermediate status between employment and unemployment, and for some, becoming a new frontier of underemployment. Its spread originates a strong demand for social insurance which rarely meets an adequate supply given the informational asymmetries of these jobs. Enforcing minimum wage legislation on these jobs and reconsidering the preferential tax treatment offered to self-employment could discourage abuse of these positions to hide de facto dependent employment jobs. Improved measures of labor slack should be developed to acknowledge that, over and above unemployment, some of the solo self-employment and alternative work arrangements present in today's labor market are placing downward pressure on wages.
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Authors: Boeri, Tito; Giupponi, Giulia; Krueger, Alan B.; Machin, Stephen

Date: 2020

Geographic subjects: Italy; Great Britain; Europe ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Article

Journal title: Journal of economic perspectives

Subjects: Employment; Labour market; Statistics ... [+] Show more
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The new hazardous jobs and worker reallocation

This paper analyses several dimensions of workers' safety that are relevant in the context of a [COVID-19] pandemic... Show more
This paper analyses several dimensions of workers' safety that are relevant in the context of a [COVID-19] pandemic. We provide a classification of occupations according to the risk of contagion: by considering a wider range of job characteristics and a more nuanced assessment of infection risk, we expand on the previous literature that almost exclusively looked at feasibility of working from home. We apply our classification to the United States and to European countries and we find that roughly 50 per cent of jobs in our sample can be considered safe, although a large cross-country variation exists, notably in the potential incidence of remote working. We find that the most economically vulnerable workers (low-educated, low-wage workers, immigrants, workers on temporary contracts, and part-timers) are overrepresented in unsafe jobs, notably in non-essential activities. We assess the nature of the reallocation of workers from unsafe to safe jobs that is likely to take place in the years to come, and the policies that could mitigate the social cost of this reallocation.
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Authors: Basso, Gaetano; Boeri, Tito; Caiumi, Alessandro; Paccagnella, Marco

Date: 2020

Geographic subjects: United Europe; Austria; Belgium; Croatia; Cyprus; Denmark; Estonia; Finland; France; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Iceland; Ireland; Italy; Latvia; Luxembourg; Netherlands; Norway; Portugal; Romania; Slovakia; Spain; Sweden; Switzerland States; North America; Europe ... [+] Show more States">United States; America">North America; Republic">Czech Republic; Britain">Great Britain; [-] Show less

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: IZA discussion paper

Subjects: Employment; Labour market; Policy

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How to combine the entry of young people in the labour market with the retention of older workers?

Labor market insurance policies in the XXI century

Combining the entry of young people in the labour market with the retention of older workers

Solo self-employment and alternative work arrangements: a cross-country perspective on the changing composition of jobs

The new hazardous jobs and worker reallocation