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The author begins this chapter with an overview of the educational system and an assessment of higher education in both Canada and Japan, then compares and evaluates their provision of teacher induction. Educational reforms to enhance the role of teachers are proposed. Canada provides well-developed pre-service teaching programs but provides no support to graduates in their first year of teaching. In contrast, Japan provides a comprehensive internship lasting for a year and serving as an effective apprenticeship induction model focusing on assistance rather than assessment.