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This chapter is part of a book based on the findings of a comparative study of the relationship between higher education and employment three to four years after graduation. The Career after Higher Education: a European Research Study (CHEERS) questioned graduates in 11 European countries and Japan about their socio-biographic background, course of study, transition to employment, current employment situation, competences and job requirements, job satisfaction, and regional and international mobility. The author investigates the direction of overall working conditions of young graduates in Europe in the first few years after graduation, with a focus on occupational opportunities according to gender. Aspects examined include level of education and the financial return to education, vertical segregation of the labour market resulting in higher positions for men, and family responsibility and its interaction with these first two aspects.