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This chapter is part of a book based on the findings of a comparative study of the relationship between higher education and employment three to four years after graduation. The Career after Higher Education: a European Research Study (CHEERS) questioned graduates in 11 European countries and Japan about their socio-biographic background, course of study, transition to employment, current employment situation, competences and job requirements, job satisfaction, and regional and international mobility. The authors used a list of 36 competences, asking graduates to state whether or not they possessed them on graduation and if they were required on the job three to four years later. The analysis examined the differences of deficits and surpluses of competences according to occupational groups and the impact of the field of study in preparing graduates for both employment and self-employment.