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This paper examines skills training and upgrading programs for vulnerable population groups in P4 countries: Brunei Darussalam, Chile, New Zealand and Singapore. It is based on responses received to a questionnaire that the International Labour Office (ILO) sent out to the countries concerned. Each country was asked to provide succinct information on: (1) the general socioeconomic situation prevailing in the country; (2) definitions and descriptions of labour market and population groups the country considers vulnerable with respect to employment, incomes and livelihoods; (3) descriptions and analysis of skills training and upgrading policies, programs and initiatives which governments, the private sector and the social partners have implemented to overcome these vulnerabilities; (4) assessments and evaluations of the outcomes, in particular in terms of employment, of these programs and descriptions of the indicators used to measure outcomes; and (5) the lessons that have been learned from the implementation of these policies, programs and assessments, and their strengths and weaknesses.