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This chapter begins be reviewing developments in education in India over the last six decades. It suggests that the Indian system of education, in its structure and numbers, presents a unique scenario comprising all perceivable diversities. Sustainable development in India has to incorporate the diverse conditions of extreme poverty and deprivation on one extreme and extreme affluence and wastage on the other. All technical and vocational education and training (TVET) initiatives need to focus on resource conservation, eco-efficiency and the total rejection of wasteful consumption. The changing nature of workplaces and the aspirations of people necessitate a global focus on sustainable development. Linking TVET to economic, environmental and social aspects of sustainability needs to be a concern to policy makers and curriculum designers. TVET in India also needs to be integrated with education for all (EFA) initiatives.