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Changing boundaries between categories of knowledge, together with changing relations with propositional and experiential knowledge, demand reconsideration of what counts as learning. Such re-contextualisation processes can be approached from three standpoints: deconstruction-decoding (learning as a differentiated set of related practices), refocusing-repositioning (situating learning sites in a life-course perspective) and reconstruction-recoding (specifying pedagogic discourse to embrace non-formal and informal learning). Learning in second modernity might hold emancipatory promise, but this requires fundamental re-structuring of teaching/learning contexts in all respects, not least in the re-positioning of all learners as adults, in the sense of being autonomous and responsible shapers of their potentially highly differentiated learning biographies - but it equally heralds an intensification of discipline of the self.