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The 2001 economic and political crisis in Argentina led to enormous increases in unemployment and poverty. Income inequality, which had been steadily rising since the mid-1970s, peaked in the aftermath of the crisis. As a result, one of the key challenges that Argentina faces today is building the skilled labor force needed to ensure that the country embarks on a path of sustained, and equitable, economic growth. In this document, we report on a study that analyzed various aspects related to building skills in the labor market in Argentina. The purpose of the study and of this report is to contribute to the ongoing dialogue in Argentina on how to build skills for achieving more sustained and equitable economic growth. Instead of presenting recommendations for policy action, the goal is to provide analytical information to enrich the ongoing discussions around improving education quality and raising equity in Argentina. As such, the report introduces more questions than answers. The report is organized as follows: chapter one evaluates the benefits of investing in education in Argentina and find that, throughout the last decades, education exhibits high returns at all levels, although returns to education are not equal for all; chapter two focuses on the role of adult learning and on-the-job training in building labor market skills; chapter three then turns from examining the skills of the working population to an examination of school quality in Argentina - as these determine the skills of school graduates in the labor market tomorrow - with a special focus on the prevailing inequality in school outcomes; and the last chapter includes a brief summary of the main findings from the analyses conducted for this report and highlights unresolved issues and questions for further investigation.