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This article provides an overview of recent developments in EU vocational education and training (VET) policy, and of the issues and challenges faced by VET systems in the Western Balkans, Turkey, and other countries covered by the 'wider European neighbourhood' policy. The purpose is to emphasise the relevance for these countries of the EU messages, instruments, benchmarks and principles that are part of the Copenhagen process, but also the interest expressed in the process by the countries themselves, particularly those currently implementing reforms to meet the challenges faced by their own systems. But to maximise the impact of the EU messages and instruments, certain conditions must be met. To make these messages and tools relevant to each country, it is essential to conduct a process of policy learning. Partner countries must also place their reforms within comprehensive lifelong learning strategies, in partnership with all actors in the field.