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This article provides a brief review of recent developments and problems in adult training of the employed and unemployed in Bulgaria. It is presented in three parts: information on legislation and the institutions; information on current problems with vocational training of the employed and unemployed; and some future measures for improving training efficiency. The findings are based on data from the National Statistical Institute (NSI), a survey on vocational training of employed at enterprises in 2005, a regular survey on the labour force, and administrative statistics from the Employment agency. This article only considers the system of vocational training for adults aged 16 to 54. Bulgaria's accession to the EU on 1 January 2007 poses new challenges with increased opportunities for labour force mobility and level of qualification requirements.