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Despite a fall in the percentage of young people choosing this course between 1993 and 1994 (58.17 %) and 2003 and 2004 (55.23 %) vocational training remains the main path chosen by young people in Bulgaria. The national programme for developing pre-school, school education and training (2006-15) adopted in 2006 due to major public interest in this issue, aims to reform initial vocational training. This article presents the main pillars of this reform based on European strategic guidelines. The article points to several challenges to be faced in the near future such as networking vocational schools, developing a national qualifications framework based on the European qualifications framework and developing education and vocational training policies closely linked to employment policies.