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The Romanian system of initial vocational education and training [IVET] is examined from three different points of view: its relevance to the labour market; its relationship with other parts of the national education system; and its evolution from the past to the future. While there are some major current mismatches between the school system and the labour market, the longer-term perspective seems reasonable as there is a surplus of highly qualified graduates which may prove useful if skill requirements increase. Much has been done recently, with some success, to maintain a progressive vocational route, though the relationship between higher vocational studies inside and outside the university sector is not entirely clear. Romania's IVET system is largely school-based, familiar to some European VET traditions. Romania is participating in EU initiatives, where these can be used to promote modernisation nationally.