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This paper focuses on Australia's changing industrial structure, concentrating on the development of economic activity in various industrial sectors. Reviewing the growth in output and employment within these sectors, it outlines how these trends have impacted on the industries' relative contributions to the economy as a whole. Recognising that changes in trade patterns are key elements in structural economic change, the paper also analyses changing trends in Australia's trade, with particular emphasis on changes of export orientation in the manufacturing sector. Finally, the paper looks at high technology industries, which had driven much of the recent growth in world economies, examining Australia's performance in this area, again with particular emphasis on manufacturing industries.