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This report provides a detailed exploration of the urgent language barriers confronting an estimated 2.23 million adults in the USA who are limited English proficient (LEP), and the most appropriate solutions to these barriers. It presents an overview of issues examined at the Adult Literacy Education in Immigrant Communities Summit that took place in Washington, D.C. in 2006, led by the Asian American Justice Center and held in partnership with the National Immigration Forum and the National Council of La Raza. The summit was attended by over 50 stakeholders to discuss strategies for increasing immigrants' access to high-quality adult literacy programs. Participants focused on the following issues: 'what works' to increase English language learning for different populations; the priority areas for action; the ability of key stakeholders to agree on the strengths and weaknesses of the existing infrastructure and system for providing English instruction to immigrants; specific barriers that need to be removed and additional infrastructure required; the data, public opinion research, information and participation by additional stakeholders required to successfully advocate for improving the system and increasing available resources; policies, models and partnerships that could improve LEP adults' access to high-quality English learning programs and increase the capacity of these programs; and interest among stakeholders across various sectors in developing collaborative advocacy efforts to address these challenges, and the issues best suited for forming strategic partnerships. The report highlights that the current systems for providing language instruction to limited English-speaking adults are critically under-funded, and that the field lacks a robust infrastructure for coordinating the delivery of services, advocacy and research across sectors. These issues will need to be addressed if the rapidly growing immigrant population is to successfully integrate in US society. The contents are as follows: Executive summary; Introduction: a promising moment for increasing immigrants' access to English instruction programs; Growing demand for and lack of resources to support ESOL programs; Emerging promising practices to increase LEP adults' English and related skills; Identifying challenges, priorities and strategies for strengthening the field; Conclusion.