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This publication presents operational and policy principles to assist national, state and local employment policy-makers and those who operate job training programs in both private and public sectors. The first principle discusses why a strong private economy is more effective in reducing unemployment than any government program. It also highlights the significant level of job creation taking place in both good and bad economic times and the implications for training. Principles two through to eight discuss the challenges in job training in relation to Welfare-to-Work, workers with disabilities, and the low-wage workforce, which is the least developed, both in terms of concept and operation. Outstanding issues such as labour mobility, investment in training by workers, employers and industry, and a model for sustainable skills upgrading, are discussed. The ninth principle relates to extra-governmental networks, focusing on the Family Independence Initiative, based in Oakland, California, which is an example of effective anti-poverty efforts that go beyond government programs. The last principle positions job training within the 'new economic world' of globalization, competition and outsourcing. The chapters are as follows: Overview: the ten principles; How practitioners and policymakers improved the job training world - and what challenges lie ahead; Principle one - the unemployment rate: a strong private economy does far more to reduce unemployment than any government program; Principle two - job training: build on the market orientation of effective job training programs to build an effective job training system; Principle three - the working poor: a big part of the conventional wisdom on the working poor being in dead end jobs is false - but not all; Principle four - building career ladders for the working poor: designing effective career ladders requires single- and multi-employer skills upgrading; Principle five - maintaining career ladders for the working poor: sustaining effective career ladders means influencing the structure and craft of jobs; Principle six - welfare reform: build on the success of welfare reform with targeted postemployment strategies; Principle seven - workers with disabilities: a new world of employment exists; Principle eight - technology jobs: the emerging 'new technician' jobs provide an important niche training market; Principle nine - affinity groups: the best antipoverty efforts go beyond government programs; Principle ten - globalization: the job training professional assumes a greater role in a world of globalization, competition, and outsourcing. Included as appendices are: Heading a state employment service; The Employment Development Department.