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This paper develops a theoretical model of optimal schooling levels where ability and family background are the central explanatory variables. We derive schooling demand and supply functions based on individual wealth maximization. Using NLSY79 [National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979] data we stratify our sample into one-year ‘FTE’ [full-time equivalent] work experience cohorts for 1985-1989. Mincer’s (1974) ‘overtaking’ cohort (the years of work experience at which individuals’ observed earnings approximately equal what they would have been based on schooling and ability alone) corresponds to 13 FTE years of work experience yielding on average a rate of return of 9.6 percent and an average (optimal) 11.4 years of schooling.