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This report reviews the role and potential of vocational education and training (VET) as a way of generating social cohesion in Lithuania. The study aims to: analyse the cultural and socio-economic context, and, in the light of changes, examine the character of individual needs; define criteria for identifying disadvantaged or vulnerable groups; identify and describe groups at risk of social exclusion; name the most vulnerable groups from the perspective of VET; research the activities of social partners and analyse the needs of these groups; and prepare suggestions/recommendations for new projects and research related to VET. From the socio-cultural point of view, transition to post-modern society highlights the need to re-evaluate the requirements for the individual. These requirements derive from changes in the labour markets and in organisations. These changes demand new standards of education in general. They also prompt the question: is VET equal to the new challenges of the change? Throughout this study, a multi-disciplinary approach is applied so as to define individual's capabilities and gauge how best they can be matched to meet the requirements of today's world. The report contains a discussion of how best to stimulate a sense of responsibility and self-sufficiency in people when they engage in continuous (lifelong) vocational training and considers four career competencies as a way of defining the changing role of VET. The study found that there is a lack of multi-disciplinary research and in-depth specialist studies on training against social exclusion. Moreover, while there are numerous descriptive accounts of post-Soviet transition, there is yet to be offered any empirical evidence. Hence, there is still a great deal of uncertainty over many aspects of VET and social exclusion.