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This paper begins by stating some relevant arguments relating to international transparency and recognition of vocational qualifications (VQs). They include: facilitating mobility on the labour market within countries and internationally; facilitating national and transnational mobility of individuals and enterprises; facilitating the flow of human resources where needed; facilitating continuing vocational education and training (CVET) in different institutions or countries; improving professional competences; improving the quality of production and services; and strengthening the middle range of competence levels that are far more important for the economy and innovation than is often acknowledged. It then considers the problems concerning the development of transparency and recognition of VQs and concludes by highlighting approaches that promise to enhance transparency and recognition of VQs. Collections of papers presented under each theme are indexed from TD/TNC 81.453 to TD/TNC 81.457; selected papers from this theme are indexed from TD/TNC 81.494 to TD/TNC 81.506.