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This paper explores population ageing in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and its effects on labour markets and pension schemes. Emphasis is placed on the importance of increasing the flexibility and employability of older workers, mainly through improved access to vocational training and retraining. A survey was directed to labour market institutions in 13 European Union (EU) accession countries, as well as Ukraine and the Russian Federation. The questionnaire sought to gather: basic labour market data on employment performance of older workers; relevant information on national legislation concerning older workers; attitudes held by the institutions and employers towards older workers; information on existing labour market, training and social policies, and how they are targeted at older workers; and an assessment of older workers skills, work performance and adaptability to new conditions. The findings of this survey are summarised in the report and compared with the experience of the EU member states. The chapters in the report are: Demographic trends; Labour market trends for older workers; Recruitment and termination of employment of older workers; Retirement trends; Active labour market policies for older workers; Employability of older workers; Changing attitudes and stereotypes towards older people: national and international policy guidelines; Conclusions; Annex.