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This European Training Foundation (ETF) study of the Moldovan vocational education and training (VET) system outlines the political and economic situation in the country and describes various aspects of the VET system such as the legal framework, demographic changes and their implications for the sector, enrolments, types of vocational schools, human resources and teacher training, financing, curriculum, standards, certification and assessment, and research. The study then examines labour market issues and their implications for VET. These include labour force characteristics, employment and unemployment, the work of employment services, and social dialogue mechanisms and the role of social partners. The study reveals that the Moldovan VET system is undergoing radical change and that there is still no firm basis for a system that meets the needs of the current economic and social situation in the country. Three issues are considered vital to the restructuring of the VET system: policy development; a mechanism to involve social partners; and raising the status and visibility of VET schools and the occupations for which they prepare their students. Based on the findings, the study recommends: the need for analysis to underpin policy; involvement of social partners at all levels, particularly in labour market analysis and standards development; reform of the financial system; separation of VET and secondary education; and priority for rural schools.