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This paper reflects upon the key competencies students require in the 21st century, and how these operate in education systems. The paper is organised in four sections, with the first discussing the recent interest in competencies and the difficulties in defining and selecting them. The second proposes some key competencies that should be addressed through education systems in the 21st century. The third section outlines several significant studies that may assist in the implementation of competencies, while the fourth draws conclusions and makes some final recommendations. These include: that distinctions be made in regards to the ambiguous terminology in the field of key competencies; that selecting a sound set of competencies can often be difficult; and that the developing of scales for assessing skills and competencies should be encouraged.